High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure is when the force of your blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. High blood pressure is often caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, although it can result from other medical conditions as well.
Quick Answer
What it is
High blood pressure is when the force of your blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. High blood pressure is often caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, although it can result from other medical conditions as well.
Key findings
- Grade A: Blood Pressure (Roselle)
- Grade B: Blood glucose (Whey Protein)
- Grade B: Systolic Blood Pressure (Black Garlic Extract)
Safety
No specific caution or interaction language was detected in the current summary/outcome notes.
ℹ️ Quick Facts
Quick Facts: High Blood Pressure
- Supplements Studied:68
- Research Trials:113
- Total Participants:125,889
- Grade A Supplements:3
- Top Supplement:Cocoa Extract (A)
113 trials
125,889 participantsppts
68 supps · 393 outcomes
Evidence-Based Protocol
Supplement stack ranked by research quality
Primary Stack (Tier 1)
500-1000mg cocoa flavanols daily (or 30-40g dark chocolate 70%+)
Flavanols enhance nitric oxide production and vasodilation, improving endothelial function and reducing blood pressure
35 studies | 2,000 participants
600-1200mg aged garlic extract daily
Stimulates hydrogen sulfide production, enhances nitric oxide bioavailability, and promotes vasodilation
25 studies | 1,200 participants
Supporting Stack (Tier 2)
2000-4700mg daily from diet/supplements
Counterbalances sodium, promotes natriuresis, and relaxes blood vessel walls
30 studies | 2,500 participants
300-500mg daily
Acts as natural calcium channel blocker, promotes vasodilation, and regulates vascular tone
22 studies | 1,200 participants
1.5-3g hibiscus tea 2-3x daily (or 250-500mg extract)
Anthocyanins act as ACE inhibitors and promote diuresis, lowering blood pressure naturally
10 studies | 600 participants
2-4g EPA/DHA daily
Reduces arterial stiffness, improves endothelial function, and modulates eicosanoid balance
40 studies | 3,000 participants
How It Works
High blood pressure (hypertension) affects about 1 in 3 adults and is a leading risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Blood pressure is regulated by blood vessel diameter, blood volume, and how hard the heart pumps. This protocol addresses multiple aspects of blood pressure regulation.
•Cocoa Extract contains flavanols that significantly lower blood pressure by increasing nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide is a molecule that tells blood vessels to relax and widen (vasodilation). Meta-analyses consistently show 2-3 mmHg systolic reductions—modest but clinically meaningful when sustained. Dark chocolate (70%+ cocoa) or cocoa extract supplements provide concentrated flavanols.
•Aged Garlic Extract has been studied extensively for blood pressure reduction. It works by promoting production of hydrogen sulfide—another molecule that relaxes blood vessels. Aging the garlic reduces odor while preserving bioactive compounds. Studies show 10-12 mmHg systolic reductions in people with hypertension.
•Potassium is one of the most important minerals for blood pressure control. It counteracts sodium's effects, helps the kidneys excrete excess fluid, and directly relaxes blood vessel walls. Most people don't get enough potassium—aim for 3500-4700mg daily from foods like bananas, potatoes, spinach, and beans.
•Magnesium acts as a natural calcium channel blocker, helping blood vessels relax. About 50% of adults don't meet the recommended intake, and deficiency can raise blood pressure. Supplementation shows modest but consistent BP reductions.
•Hibiscus (Roselle) tea has been traditionally used for hypertension and is now backed by clinical trials. It contains anthocyanins that act as natural ACE inhibitors—similar to prescription blood pressure medications. Drinking 2-3 cups daily can lower systolic pressure by 7-8 mmHg.
•Omega-3 Fatty Acids improve blood vessel flexibility and reduce inflammation. Higher doses (3g+) are needed for meaningful blood pressure effects.
Expected timeline: Blood pressure reductions can be observed within 2-4 weeks for garlic and hibiscus. Cocoa and potassium effects may be seen within 2 weeks. Consistent use over 8-12 weeks provides optimal results.
Generated from peer-reviewed researchSchema v2.0
Supplements for High Blood Pressure
Sorted by strength of evidence
Detailed Outcomes
Grade:
Effect:
Size:
Sort:
|
A
Blood Pressure
Moderate Improvement
5 studies291 participants
moderate↓Improves
A
Blood Pressure
Moderate Improvement
5 studies291 participants
moderate↓Improves
B
Blood Pressure
Mixed effect
49 studies5707 participants
?
Homocysteine
60 studies7340 participants
↓Improves
?
Major Adverse Cardiac Events
22 studies2057 participants
↑Worsens
B
Blood Pressure
Moderate Improvement
33 studies1829 participants
moderate↓Improves
B
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
22 studies1527 participants
small↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study103 participants
↑Worsens
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study103 participants
↑Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
1 study103 participants
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study103 participants
↑Worsens
?
Proteinuria
1 study103 participants
↑Improves
?
Serum Albumin
1 study103 participants
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study103 participants
↑Worsens
?
Triglycerides
1 study103 participants
↑Worsens
?
Uric Acid
1 study103 participants
↑Worsens
?
Weight
1 study103 participants
↑Worsens
B
Blood glucose
Mixed effect
21 studies890 participants
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
21 studies935 participants
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
20 studies904 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
20 studies879 participants
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
19 studies874 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
16 studies1000 participants
↓Improves
?
Insulin
11 studies471 participants
↑Worsens
B
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
21 studies372 participants
small↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
2 studies57 participants
↓Improves
?
Cognitive Decline
1 study12 participants
↓Improves
?
Plasma Nitrate
1 study27 participants
↑Improves
B
Systolic Blood Pressure
Meta-analysis: SBP reduced by 2.49-5.0mmHg overall; AGE at Heart trial showed -11.5mmHg in responders (PMID: 26764326)
19 studies800 participants
moderate↓Improves
B
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Meta-analysis: DBP reduced by 1.5-6.3mmHg; greater effects in hypertensive subjects
19 studies800 participants
small↓Improves
B
Blood Pressure
GRADE meta-analysis (82 RCTs): Significantly improved BP. Oil form more effective for both SBP and DBP. Optimal results at 3000mg/day for 12 weeks.
15 studies800 participants
moderate↓Improves
B
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
12 studies797 participants
small↓Improves
D
Blood glucose
No effect
1 study797 participants
none
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
13 studies797 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
12 studies797 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
12 studies797 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
12 studies797 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
10 studies797 participants
↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study77 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study77 participants
↓Improves
B
Systolic/Diastolic BP
Meta-analysis (2025): SBP -9.84mmHg, DBP -11.31mmHg with barberry supplementation
11 studies718 participants
moderate↓Improves
B
Blood Pressure
Small but consistent blood pressure reduction across studies
8 studies473 participants
small↓Improves
B
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
6 studies369 participants
small↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
6 studies383 participants
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
4 studies282 participants
↑Worsens
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
3 studies245 participants
↑Improves
?
Triglycerides
3 studies245 participants
↑Worsens
B
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
5 studies183 participants
small↓Improves
D
Blood glucose
No effect
2 studies80 participants
none
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
3 studies121 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
3 studies121 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
3 studies121 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
3 studies121 participants
↓Improves
?
Insulin
1 study30 participants
↑Worsens
B
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
3 studies113 participants
small↓Improves
C
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
1 study113 participants
small↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
6 studies199 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
6 studies199 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
4 studies129 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
4 studies129 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
3 studies113 participants
↓Improves
?
HbA1c
3 studies135 participants
↓Improves
?
Waist circumference
3 studies113 participants
↓Improves
B
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
2 studies234 participants
small↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
11 studies543 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
2 studies234 participants
↑Improves
?
Triglycerides
2 studies234 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
2 studies234 participants
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
1 study155 participants
↑Improves
?
HbA1c
1 study79 participants
↓Improves
?
Insulin
1 study155 participants
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study155 participants
↓Improves
?
Serum Magnesium
1 study155 participants
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study155 participants
↓Improves
B
Blood Pressure
Moderate Improvement
2 studies188 participants
moderate↓Improves
C
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Small Improvement
1 study148 participants
small↑Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
1 study148 participants
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study148 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study148 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study148 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Detriment
2 studies279 participants
small
?
Weight
2 studies279 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study167 participants
↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study167 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study167 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study167 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Flow
Mixed effect
2 studies30 participants
?
Blood Pressure
3 studies3099 participants
↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study14 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
1 study80 participants
small↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study80 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Flow
Moderate Increase
1 study9 participants
moderate↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study24 participants
↑Improves
?
Insulin
1 study24 participants
↑Worsens
?
Interleukin 6
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
?
Microcirculation
1 study24 participants
↑Improves
?
Nitric Oxide
1 study24 participants
↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study24 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
1 study204 participants
small↓Improves
?
sICAM-1
1 study204 participants
↑Improves
C
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
1 study28 participants
small↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Moderate Improvement
1 study28 participants
moderate↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
6 studies265 participants
↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study28 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study28 participants
↑Improves
?
Kidney Function
1 study28 participants
↑Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
1 study28 participants
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study28 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study28 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study28 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study28 participants
↓Improves
?
White Blood Cell Count
1 study28 participants
↑Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Moderate Improvement
1 study54 participants
moderate↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
Small Detriment
1 study54 participants
small
?
Heart Rate
1 study54 participants
↓Improves
?
Kidney Function
1 study54 participants
↑Improves
C
Blood Flow
Small Increase
1 study37 participants
small↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
4 studies174 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
4 studies1078 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
3 studies137 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
2 studies65 participants
↓Improves
?
HbA1c
2 studies65 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
2 studies65 participants
↑Improves
?
Insulin
2 studies68 participants
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
2 studies65 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study31 participants
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
1 study72 participants
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
1 study37 participants
↑Improves
?
Inflammation
1 study941 participants
↓Improves
?
Interleukin 6
1 study72 participants
↓Improves
?
Kidney Function
1 study31 participants
↑Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
1 study31 participants
↑Worsens
?
Plasma Vitamin C
1 study37 participants
↑Improves
?
Weight
1 study31 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
1 study30 participants
small↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study30 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
1 study75 participants
small↓Improves
?
Diuresis
1 study75 participants
↑Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study75 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study75 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Moderate Improvement
1 study28 participants
moderate↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study28 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
1 study120 participants
small↓Improves
?
Vascular Function
1 study120 participants
↑Improves
C
Blood glucose
Mixed effect
1 study4229 participants
?
Blood Pressure
2 studies822 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
2 studies76 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
2 studies76 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
2 studies76 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
2 studies76 participants
↓Improves
?
Insulin
1 study44 participants
↑Worsens
C
Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile
Small Increase
1 study16 participants
small↑Improves
?
Superoxide Dismutase Activity
6 studies184 participants
↑Improves
?
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
6 studies259 participants
↑Improves
?
Blood Pressure
4 studies128 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
2 studies72 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
2 studies72 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
2 studies72 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
2 studies72 participants
↓Improves
?
Arterial Stiffness
1 study40 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study36 participants
↓Improves
?
Endothelin-1
1 study16 participants
↑Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
1 study36 participants
↑Worsens
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
1 study16 participants
↓Improves
?
sE-Selectin
1 study16 participants
↑Improves
?
sICAM-1
1 study16 participants
↑Improves
?
Weight
1 study40 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Moderate Improvement
1 study60 participants
moderate↓Improves
C
Diuresis
Moderate Increase
1 study60 participants
moderate↑Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study60 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study60 participants
↑Worsens
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
1 study60 participants
↑Worsens
?
Total cholesterol
1 study60 participants
↑Worsens
?
Triglycerides
1 study60 participants
↑Worsens
?
vLDL-C
1 study60 participants
↑Worsens
C
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
1 study871 participants
small↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
30 studies1448 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
17 studies894 participants
↑Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
15 studies658 participants
↓Improves
?
Interleukin 6
15 studies658 participants
↓Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
15 studies658 participants
↓Improves
?
Vascular Function
11 studies1448 participants
↑Improves
?
Serum Albumin
10 studies516 participants
↑Improves
?
Uric Acid
4 studies353 participants
↓Improves
?
Kidney Function
3 studies135 participants
↑Improves
?
Insulin
1 study871 participants
↑Worsens
?
Insulin Resistance
1 study871 participants
↓Improves
?
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1
1 study1034 participants
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study871 participants
↓Improves
?
Plasminogen Inhibitor-1
1 study1034 participants
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study871 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
1 study589 participants
small↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
2 studies678 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
2 studies678 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
2 studies678 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study589 participants
↓Improves
C
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure with banana biomass supplementation (PMID: 30887937)
1 study50 participants
small↓Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
1 study86 participants
small↓Improves
?
Renin Activity
1 study86 participants
↑Improves
C
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
1 study229 participants
small↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
10 studies851 participants
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
1 study229 participants
↑Improves
?
HbA1c
1 study229 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study229 participants
↑Improves
?
Insulin
1 study229 participants
↑Worsens
?
Kidney Function
1 study229 participants
↑Improves
?
Lipoprotein(a)
1 study229 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study229 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study229 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study229 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study229 participants
↓Improves
C
Arterial Stiffness
Small Improvement
1 study41 participants
small↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
5 studies155 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Flow
1 study15 participants
↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study15 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study41 participants
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
1 study15 participants
↓Improves
?
Heart Rate Variability
1 study40 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study15 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study15 participants
↓Improves
?
Nitric Oxide
1 study15 participants
↑Improves
?
Plasma Arginine
1 study15 participants
↑Improves
?
Plasma Nitrate
1 study15 participants
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study15 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood Flow
Moderate Increase
1 study58 participants
moderate↑Improves
?
Blood Pressure
2 studies69 participants
↑Worsens
?
Nitric Oxide
1 study58 participants
↑Improves
C
Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile
Small Increase
1 study30 participants
small↑Improves
D
Adrenaline
No effect
1 study17 participants
none
?
Blood Pressure
3 studies52 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
?
Cerebral Blood Flow
1 study10 participants
↑Improves
?
Fibrinogen
1 study30 participants
↑Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study17 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study30 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
?
Noradrenaline
1 study17 participants
↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study30 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
1 study80 participants
small↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Cortisol
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
1 study80 participants
↑Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study80 participants
↑Improves
?
Insulin
1 study80 participants
↑Worsens
?
Liver Fat
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study80 participants
↓Improves
C
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
1 study64 participants
small↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
1 study64 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study64 participants
↓Improves
?
Vascular Function
1 study64 participants
↑Improves
C
Blood Flow
Small Increase
1 study57 participants
small↑Improves
?
Blood Pressure
1 study57 participants
↓Improves
C
Chronic Venous Insufficiency Signs
Moderate Improvement
1 study40 participants
moderate↑Improves
?
Microcirculation
1 study40 participants
↑Improves
C
Blood Pressure
Small Improvement
1 study25 participants
small↓Improves
C
Cognitive Decline
Small Improvement
1 study20 participants
small↓Improves
?
Social Functioning in Elderly
1 study20 participants
↑Improves
C
Adiponectin
Small Increase
1 study44 participants
small↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study44 participants
↑Worsens
?
Blood Pressure
1 study44 participants
↑Worsens
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study44 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study44 participants
↑Worsens
?
Total cholesterol
1 study44 participants
↑Worsens
?
Triglycerides
1 study44 participants
↑Worsens
?
vLDL-C
1 study44 participants
↑Worsens
D
Blood glucose
No effect
10 studies1040 participants
none
?
Blood Pressure
14 studies971 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
11 studies1040 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
10 studies1040 participants
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
10 studies1040 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
9 studies1040 participants
↑Improves
?
Triglycerides
9 studies1040 participants
↓Improves
D
Blood glucose
No effect
10 studies521 participants
none
?
Triglycerides
21 studies1087 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
20 studies1008 participants
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
20 studies998 participants
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
19 studies982 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
7 studies1203 participants
↓Improves
?
Insulin
1 study4229 participants
↑Worsens
D
Blood glucose
No effect
6 studies308 participants
none
?
Blood Pressure
6 studies308 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
5 studies308 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
4 studies308 participants
↓Improves
?
HbA1c
4 studies308 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
3 studies308 participants
↓Improves
?
Waist circumference
3 studies308 participants
↓Improves
D
Blood Pressure
No effect
3 studies88 participants
none
D
Blood glucose
No effect
1 study41 participants
none
?
Fat Oxidation
1 study6 participants
↑Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study41 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study41 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study41 participants
↓Improves
?
Metabolic Rate
1 study6 participants
↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
1 study41 participants
↓Improves
?
vLDL-C
1 study41 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study41 participants
↓Improves
D
Systolic BP
Betalains alone do not appear responsible for beetroot BP effects - nitrate is the active component
2 studies50 participants
none
D
Blood Flow
No effect
1 study65 participants
none
?
Blood Pressure
8 studies475 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
2 studies85 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
2 studies85 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study20 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study65 participants
↓Improves
?
Food Intake
1 study65 participants
↑Worsens
?
HbA1c
1 study20 participants
↓Improves
?
Muscle Mass
1 study65 participants
↑Improves
?
Platelet Aggregation
1 study20 participants
↑Worsens
?
Total cholesterol
1 study20 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study20 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study65 participants
↓Improves
D
Blood Pressure
No effect
1 study13 participants
none
?
Heart Rate
1 study13 participants
↓Improves
?
Noradrenaline
1 study13 participants
↑Improves
D
Adrenaline
No effect
1 study23 participants
none
?
Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile
1 study23 participants
↑Improves
?
Blood Pressure
1 study23 participants
↓Improves
?
Dopamine
1 study23 participants
↑Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study23 participants
↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
1 study23 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study23 participants
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study23 participants
↓Improves
D
Adiponectin
No effect
1 study20 participants
none
?
Blood Pressure
39 studies1772 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Flow
5 studies100 participants
↑Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
5 studies107 participants
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
5 studies107 participants
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
4 studies87 participants
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
4 studies79 participants
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
4 studies79 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
4 studies79 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
3 studies60 participants
↓Improves
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
3 studies60 participants
↓Improves
?
Insulin
3 studies59 participants
↑Worsens
?
Weight
3 studies76 participants
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
2 studies56 participants
↓Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
2 studies40 participants
↓Improves
?
Food Intake
1 study30 participants
↑Worsens
?
Homocysteine
1 study19 participants
↓Improves
?
Interleukin 6
1 study20 participants
↓Improves
?
LDL Oxidation
1 study20 participants
↓Improves
?
Leptin
1 study20 participants
↑Improves
?
Muscle Mass
1 study20 participants
↑Improves
?
Nitric Oxide
1 study30 participants
↑Improves
?
Platelet Aggregation
1 study28 participants
↑Worsens
?
Uric Acid
1 study19 participants
↓Improves
D
Blood glucose
No effect
1 study59 participants
none
?
Blood Pressure
1 study59 participants
↓Improves
?
C-Peptide
1 study59 participants
↑Improves
?
HbA1c
1 study59 participants
↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study59 participants
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study59 participants
↑Improves
?
Insulin
1 study59 participants
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study59 participants
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study59 participants
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study59 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
18 studies1209 participants
↓Improves
?
Pre-Eclampsia Risk
13 studies15730 participants
↑Worsens
?
Blood Pressure
9 studies641 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
8 studies545 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
3 studies320 participants
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
2 studies113 participants
↓Improves
?
Diuresis
1 study17 participants
↑Improves
?
Blood Pressure
Moderate Detriment
1 study25 participants
moderate
?
Cortisol
1 study25 participants
↓Improves
?
Estrogen
1 study36 participants
↑Worsens
?
Luteinizing Hormone
1 study36 participants
↑Improves
?
Prolactin
1 study36 participants
↑Improves
?
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
1 study36 participants
↑Improves
?
Testosterone
1 study36 participants
↑Improves
?
Blood Pressure
1 study16 participants
↓Improves
?
Diuresis
1 study80 participants
↑Improves
?
Blood Flow
1 study30 participants
↑Improves
?
Blood Pressure
1 study110 participants
↑Worsens
Research Citations (29)
Related Conditions
Type 2 Diabetes
44 shared supplements · 868 outcomes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease in which blood glucose levels are too high. It is characterized by insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and pancreas cells and an inability of the pancreas to manufacture enough insulin to control blood glucose levels. T2D is strongly associated with excess body fat, and weight loss induced by lifestyle changes is extremely effective for treating T2D.
Metabolic Health
44 shared supplements · 975 outcomes
Research on metabolism, blood glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic syndrome.
43 shared supplements · outcomes
High Cholesterol
33 shared supplements · 553 outcomes
High amounts of low-density lipoproteins cause fatty plaques to build up in the arteries, which restricts blood flow and can cause health problems like a heart attack. Lifestyle factors (e.g., poor diet, smoking) and genetics play a huge role in blood cholesterol levels.
Obesity
26 shared supplements · 525 outcomes
Obesity is a condition of excessive body fat that increases the risk for other conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Fat is how the body stores extra calories that were eaten but not used. Obesity treatment usually involves restricting the calories eaten or creating a negative calorie balance.
Metabolic Syndrome
26 shared supplements · 391 outcomes
Metabolic syndrome refers to a group of cardiometabolic risk factors: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting blood sugar, high blood triglycerides, and low HDL-C. If a person has at least three of these, they have metabolic syndrome.
General Athletic Performance
26 shared supplements · 656 outcomes
General athletic performance refers to an individual's ability to perform in various sports and physical activities, including strength, speed, endurance, and agility.
Weight Loss & Maintenance
24 shared supplements · 433 outcomes
This goal refers to people with a BMI >25 attempting to reach/maintain their ideal weight. While interventions that work for people with a BMI >25 may also work for people with a lower BMI, the context is often sufficiently different that this isn't assured.