Fish Oil

Fish oil is a mix of mostly EPA and DHA derived from fatty fish. It reduces triglycerides, but does not seem to affect the rate of cardiovascular events. It appears to reduce the symptoms of depression and improve some painful, inflammatory conditions.

Quick Answer

What it is

Fish oil is a mix of mostly EPA and DHA derived from fatty fish. It reduces triglycerides, but does not seem to affect the rate of cardiovascular events.

Key findings

  • Grade A: Depression Symptoms (Depression)
  • Grade B: ADHD Symptoms (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD))
  • Grade B: Bipolar Disorder Symptoms (Bipolar Disorder)

Safety

No specific caution or interaction language was detected in the current summary/outcome notes.

ℹ️ Quick Facts: Fish Oil

Quick Facts: Fish Oil

  • Best Evidence:Grade A
  • Conditions Studied:61
  • Research Outcomes:448
  • Grade A Findings:1
  • Grade B Findings:6
  • Key Effect:Depression
Outcomes by grade:
A1
B6
C14
D32
61 conditions Β· 448 outcomes

Detailed Outcomes

Grade:
Effect:
Size:
Sort:
|
A
Depression Symptoms
Moderate Improvement
moderate↓Improves
?
Postpartum Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
B
ADHD Symptoms
Small Improvement
small↓Improves
?
Attention
↑Improves
?
Working Memory
1 study
↑Improves
B
Bipolar Disorder Symptoms
Small Improvement
small↓Improves
?
Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
B
Infant Birth Weight
Small Increase
5 studies
small↓Improves
?
Pre-Eclampsia Risk
↑Worsens
B
Infant Birth Weight
Small Increase
5 studies
small↓Improves
?
Pre-Eclampsia Risk
↑Worsens
B
Infant Birth Weight
Small Increase
5 studies
small↓Improves
?
Pre-Eclampsia Risk
↑Worsens
B
Infant Birth Weight
Small Increase
5 studies
small↓Improves
?
Pre-Eclampsia Risk
↑Worsens
C
ADHD Symptoms
Small Improvement
small↓Improves
?
Attention
↑Improves
?
Cognitive Decline
↓Improves
?
Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Memory
↑Improves
?
Subjective Well-Being
↑Improves
?
Aggression
↑Improves
?
Anxiety Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Cerebral Blood Flow
1 study
↑Improves
?
Cerebral Oxygenation
1 study
↑Improves
?
Cognition
↑Improves
?
Fatigue Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
?
Postpartum Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Processing Accuracy
1 study
↑Improves
?
Reaction Time
1 study
↑Improves
?
Working Memory
1 study
↑Improves
C
Aggression
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Anxiety Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Subjective Well-Being
↑Improves
?
Anger
1 study
↓Improves
?
Fatigue Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
?
Homocysteine
1 study
↓Improves
?
Impulsivity
1 study
↑Improves
?
Negative affect
1 study
↑Improves
?
Processing Accuracy
1 study
↑Improves
?
Reaction Time
1 study
↑Improves
?
Sleep Quality
↑Improves
C
5-HEPE
Moderate Increase
1 study
moderate↑Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
Cortisol
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Natural Killer Cell Content
↑Improves
?
T Cell Count
↑Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
B Cell Count
2 studies
↑Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Natural Killer Cell Activity
2 studies
↑Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
?
5-HETE
↑Improves
?
Blood Flow
↑Improves
?
Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression
↑Improves
?
Interleukin 2
↑Improves
?
Leukotriene B4
1 study
↑Improves
?
Leukotriene B5
↑Improves
?
Lymphocyte Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
↓Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
1 study
↑Improves
?
Vascular Function
↑Improves
C
Atrial Fibrillation Incidence
Mixed effect
?
Platelet Aggregation
↑Worsens
?
Blood glucose
1 study
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Kidney Function
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
C
5-HEPE
Moderate Increase
1 study
moderate↑Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
?
5-HETE
↑Improves
?
Adiponectin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
1 study
↑Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Ketone Bodies
1 study
↑Improves
?
Leptin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Leukotriene B4
1 study
↑Improves
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
C
Anxiety Symptoms
Small Improvement
small↓Improves
?
Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
↑Improves
?
Hot Flash Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
?
Sleep Quality
↑Improves
?
Stress Signs and Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
C
Anxiety Symptoms
Small Improvement
small↓Improves
?
PMS Symptoms
2 studies
↓Improves
?
Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Fatigue Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
?
Insomnia Signs and Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
C
Depression Symptoms
Moderate Improvement
moderate↓Improves
?
Postpartum Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
C
Inflammation
Small Decrease
small↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
C
Migraine Frequency
Moderate Decrease
1 study
moderate↓Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
C
Depression Symptoms
Moderate Improvement
moderate↓Improves
?
Fatigue Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
C
Triglycerides
Large Improvement
large↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
C
Anxiety Symptoms
Small Improvement
small↓Improves
?
Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
C
Erythema
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
↓Improves
?
Photoprotection
1 study
↑Improves
D
All-Cause Mortality
No effect
24 studies
none
?
Coronary Artery Disease Risk
↑Worsens
?
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
25 studies
↓Improves
?
Heart Attack Risk
20 studies
↑Worsens
?
Angina
19 studies
↑Improves
?
Major Adverse Cardiac Events
17 studies
↑Worsens
?
Stroke Risk
8 studies
↑Worsens
?
Apolipoprotein B
1 study
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
LDL Oxidation
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
D
Depression Symptoms
Moderate Improvement
moderate↓Improves
?
Postpartum Depression Symptoms
↓Improves
D
Sleep Duration
No effect
5 studies
none
?
Sleep Efficiency
5 studies
↑Improves
?
Sleep Latency
5 studies
↓Improves
?
Sleep Quality
↑Improves
D
Adiponectin
No effect
2 studies
none
D
Apolipoprotein A
No effect
1 study
none
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
46 studies
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
7 studies
↓Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
vLDL-C
5 studies
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
4 studies
↑Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
?
Apolipoprotein B
3 studies
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
3 studies
↓Improves
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
?
Blood Flow
↑Improves
?
Leptin
2 studies
↑Improves
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
Platelet Aggregation
↑Worsens
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
Food Intake
1 study
↑Worsens
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
LDL Oxidation
↓Improves
?
Non-HDL Cholesterol
1 study
↑Worsens
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
↓Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
1 study
↑Improves
?
Resistin
1 study
↑Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
?
Waist circumference
1 study
↓Improves
?
Waist-Hip Ratio
1 study
↑Improves
D
Apolipoprotein A
No effect
2 studies
none
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
4 studies
↓Improves
?
Apolipoprotein B
2 studies
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
2 studies
↓Improves
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
↓Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
Cortisol
↓Improves
?
DNA Damage
1 study
↑Worsens
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
Platelet Aggregation
↑Worsens
?
vLDL-C
1 study
↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
D
Adiponectin
No effect
2 studies
none
?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
7 studies
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
6 studies
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
6 studies
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
5 studies
↓Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Waist circumference
4 studies
↓Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
?
Uric Acid
3 studies
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
1 study
↑Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Insulin Resistance
↓Improves
?
Liver Fat
1 study
↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
D
Adiponectin
No effect
1 study
none
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
13 studies
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
12 studies
↓Improves
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Glycemic Control
5 studies
↑Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
vLDL-C
4 studies
↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
?
Apolipoprotein B
2 studies
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
Apolipoprotein A
1 study
↑Improves
?
Blood Flow
↑Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study
↓Improves
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
↓Improves
?
Glucagon
1 study
↑Worsens
?
Homocysteine
1 study
↓Improves
?
Leptin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Non-HDL Cholesterol
1 study
↑Worsens
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
↓Improves
?
Plasminogen Inhibitor-1
1 study
↑Improves
?
Platelet Aggregation
↑Worsens
?
Resistin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Vascular Function
↑Improves
?
Waist circumference
1 study
↓Improves
?
Waist-Hip Ratio
1 study
↑Improves
D
Apolipoprotein A
No effect
1 study
none
?
Insulin Resistance
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
↓Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
5 studies
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
3 studies
↓Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Cortisol
↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
2 studies
↑Improves
?
Apolipoprotein B
1 study
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study
↓Improves
?
Fat Oxidation
↑Improves
?
Fructosamine
1 study
↑Worsens
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
?
Interleukin 1-beta
1 study
↓Improves
?
Interleukin 2
↑Improves
?
Interleukin 5
1 study
↑Improves
?
Leukotriene B4
1 study
↑Improves
?
Leukotriene B5
↑Improves
?
Metabolic Rate
1 study
↑Improves
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
↓Improves
?
Prostaglandin J2a
1 study
↑Improves
?
Thromboxane B2
1 study
↑Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
D
Blood Flow
No effect
none
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
Vascular Function
↑Improves
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
↓Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study
↓Improves
?
Food Intake
1 study
↑Worsens
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
?
Homocysteine
1 study
↓Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
Plasminogen Inhibitor-1
1 study
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
vLDL-C
1 study
↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
D
Blood Flow
No effect
none
?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Proteinuria
1 study
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
D
Blood Flow
No effect
none
?
Weight
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
Ketone Bodies
1 study
↑Improves
?
Lymphocyte Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
Offspring BMI
↓Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
Vascular Function
↑Improves
D
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
No effect
none
?
Muscle Soreness
↓Improves
?
Exercise-Induced Oxidation
↑Worsens
?
Heart Rate
1 study
↓Improves
?
Muscle Damage
1 study
↑Worsens
?
Nitric Oxide
1 study
↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
↓Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
1 study
↑Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
D
Anaerobic Capacity
No effect
none
?
Apolipoprotein B
1 study
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Muscle Soreness
↓Improves
?
Oxygen Cost of Exercise
↑Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
1 study
↑Improves
?
Power Output
1 study
↑Improves
?
Sprint Performance Metrics
1 study
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
D
Blood Flow
No effect
none
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study
↓Improves
?
Food Intake
1 study
↑Worsens
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
Platelet Aggregation
↑Worsens
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
D
Adiponectin
No effect
1 study
none
?
Weight
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
Blood Flow
↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study
↓Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
Food Intake
1 study
↑Worsens
?
Glycemic Control
1 study
↑Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Leptin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
D
Body Fat
No effect
1 study
none
?
Oxygen Cost of Exercise
↑Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
1 study
↑Improves
?
Power Output
1 study
↑Improves
D
Cognition
No effect
none
?
Cognitive Decline
↓Improves
D
Body Fat
No effect
1 study
none
?
Bone Mineral Density
1 study
↑Improves
?
Fat Oxidation
↑Improves
?
Homocysteine
1 study
↓Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Metabolic Rate
1 study
↑Improves
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
D
Blood glucose
No effect
1 study
none
?
Glycemic Control
1 study
↑Improves
?
Hematocrit
↑Improves
?
Hemoglobin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Offspring BMI
↓Improves
D
Anaerobic Capacity
No effect
none
?
Strength
11 studies
↑Improves
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
Sprint Performance Metrics
1 study
↑Improves
D
Adiponectin
No effect
1 study
none
?
Glycemic Control
2 studies
↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study
↓Improves
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Leptin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Serum DHEA
1 study
↑Improves
?
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Testosterone
1 study
↑Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
D
Apolipoprotein B
No effect
1 study
none
?
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
LDL Oxidation
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
D
C-Peptide
No effect
none
?
HbA1c
↓Improves
D
Anaerobic Capacity
No effect
none
?
Sprint Performance Metrics
1 study
↑Improves
D
Blood glucose
No effect
1 study
none
?
Body Mass Index (BMI)
1 study
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Interferon Gamma
1 study
↑Improves
?
Interleukin 1-beta
1 study
↓Improves
?
Interleukin 10
1 study
↑Improves
?
Interleukin 4
1 study
↑Improves
?
Interleukin 6
1 study
↓Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
vLDL-C
1 study
↓Improves
?
Waist circumference
1 study
↓Improves
?
Weight
↓Improves
D
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
No effect
none
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
D
Blood Flow
No effect
none
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
↓Improves
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
↓Improves
?
Vascular Function
↑Improves
D
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
No effect
none
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
D
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
No effect
none
?
Inflammation
↓Improves
?
Platelet Aggregation
↑Worsens
D
Cognition
No effect
none
?
Cognitive Decline
↑Worsens
D
Anaerobic Capacity
No effect
none
?
Strength
11 studies
↑Improves
?
Muscle Mass
↑Improves
?
Sprint Performance Metrics
1 study
↑Improves
?
Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Airway Inflammation Markers
↓Improves
?
Autism Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Endometriosis-associated pelvic pain
↓Improves
?
Gout Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Intestinal Permeability
↑Improves
?
Airway Inflammation Markers
↓Improves
?
Cognitive Decline
↓Improves
?
Blood Pressure
↓Improves
?
Raynaud's Phenomenon Symptoms
↓Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
↓Improves
?
Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms
↑Worsens

Evidence by Condition

Best grade per condition (each condition may have multiple outcomes)

ADepression
1
↓Depression SymptomsImproves↓Postpartum Depression SymptomsImproves
BAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
1
↓ADHD SymptomsImproves↑AttentionImproves↑Working MemoryImproves
BBipolar Disorder
1
↓Bipolar Disorder SymptomsImproves↓Depression SymptomsImproves
BIntrauterine Growth Restriction
1
↓Infant Birth WeightImproves↑Pre-Eclampsia RiskWorsens
BLow Birth Weight
1
↓Infant Birth WeightImproves↑Pre-Eclampsia RiskWorsens
BPreeclampsia
1
↓Infant Birth WeightImproves↑Pre-Eclampsia RiskWorsens
BPremature Birth
1
↓Infant Birth WeightImproves↑Pre-Eclampsia RiskWorsens
CSystemic Lupus Erythematosus
2
Blood Flow↓Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SymptomsImproves↓TriglyceridesImproves
CImmune Health
1
↑5-HEPEImproves↓InflammationImproves↓CortisolImproves
CCognitive Improvement
1
↓ADHD SymptomsImproves↑AttentionImproves↓Cognitive DeclineImproves
CCoronary Artery Disease (CAD)
1
Atrial Fibrillation Incidence↑Platelet AggregationWorsens↓Blood glucoseImproves
CMood Improvement
1
↑AggressionImproves↓Depression SymptomsImproves↓Anxiety SymptomsImproves
CWeight Loss & Maintenance
1
↑5-HEPEImproves↓WeightImproves↑5-HETEImproves
CMenopause
1
↓Anxiety SymptomsImproves↓Depression SymptomsImproves↑Follicle-Stimulating HormoneImproves
CPremenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
1
↓Anxiety SymptomsImproves↓PMS SymptomsImproves↓Depression SymptomsImproves
CPerinatal Depression
1
↓Depression SymptomsImproves↓Postpartum Depression SymptomsImproves
CChronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
1
↓InflammationImproves↓WeightImproves
CMigraine Headache
1
↓Migraine FrequencyImproves↓TNF-AlphaImproves
CMyalgic Encephalomyelitis (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome)
1
↓Depression SymptomsImproves↓Fatigue SymptomsImproves
CRheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
1
↓TriglyceridesImproves↓WeightImproves

Research Citations (100)

A comparison of the effects of n-3 fatty acids from linseed oil and fish oil in well-controlled type II diabetes
PMID: 8732710
Effect of omega 3 fatty acid on plasma lipids, cholesterol and lipoprotein fatty acid content in NIDDM patients
PMID: 9028717
Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid, but not with other long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreases natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects aged >55 y
PMID: 11237929
Metabolic and endocrine effects of long-chain versus essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in polycystic ovary syndrome
PMID: 21640360
DHA-rich oil modulates the cerebral haemodynamic response to cognitive tasks in healthy young adults: a near IR spectroscopy pilot study
PMID: 22018509
Effects of a Small Quantity of omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in NIDDM. A Randomized, Prospective, Double-Blind, Controlled Study
PMID: 8112187
Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Attenuate Progression of Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease
PMID: 28710178
Early impact of prescription Omega-3 fatty acids on platelet biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertriglyceridemia
PMID: 21701167
Fish oil supplementation for primary prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial
PMID: 28419884
Intake of n-3 fatty acids from fish does not lower serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in healthy subjects
PMID: 15100717

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