Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks cells within the immune system, which results in a decreased ability to fight off infection. An HIV infection can progress to a disease called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Quick Answer

What it is

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks cells within the immune system, which results in a decreased ability to fight off infection. An HIV infection can progress to a disease called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Key findings

  • Grade B: CD4 Lymphocytes (Colostrum)
  • Grade C: Blood glucose (Chromium)
  • Grade C: Analgesic Use (Cannabis)

Safety

No specific caution or interaction language was detected in the current summary/outcome notes.

ℹ️ Quick Facts

Quick Facts: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

  • Supplements Studied:14
  • Research Trials:20
  • Total Participants:1,059
  • Grade A Supplements:1
  • Top Supplement:Colostrum (A)
20 trials
1,059 ppts
14 supps · 89 outcomes

Evidence-Based Protocol

Supplement stack ranked by research quality

Moderate Evidence

Primary Stack (Tier 1)

High-potency multivitamin daily

Addresses common micronutrient deficiencies in HIV; may slow disease progression and reduce mortality

15 studies | 5,000 participants
200mcg daily

Deficiency common in HIV and associated with disease progression; supplementation may support immune function

10 studies | 800 participants

Supporting Stack (Tier 2)

2000-4000 IU daily (based on blood levels)

Deficiency extremely common in HIV; affects immune function and bone health

15 studies | 2,000 participants
15-45mg daily

Supports immune function; deficiency associated with faster HIV progression

8 studies | 600 participants
600-1800mg daily

Replenishes glutathione, which is depleted in HIV; supports immune cell function

8 studies | 400 participants
2-4g EPA+DHA daily

Anti-inflammatory effects; may help with lipid abnormalities from antiretroviral therapy

10 studies | 600 participants
Multi-strain formula, 10-50 billion CFU daily

May support gut immune function and reduce microbial translocation

10 studies | 500 participants

How It Works

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the immune system, specifically CD4+ T cells. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition, people living with HIV often have higher nutritional needs and are more susceptible to deficiencies. Proper nutrition supports immune function, helps maintain muscle mass, and can improve quality of life and potentially outcomes.

CRITICAL: This protocol is for nutritional support alongside antiretroviral therapy, NOT as a replacement for ART. ART is the cornerstone of HIV treatment. Always discuss supplements with your HIV care provider as some can interact with medications.

•Multivitamin/Multimineral supplementation addresses the common micronutrient deficiencies in HIV. Large trials have shown that multivitamins can slow disease progression and reduce mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Even with ART, HIV increases metabolic demands and may impair nutrient absorption.
•Selenium deficiency is very common in HIV and is associated with faster disease progression and higher mortality. Selenium is essential for antioxidant enzymes and immune cell function. Supplementation has been shown to suppress viral load and improve CD4 counts in some studies.
•Vitamin D deficiency is extremely prevalent in people with HIV—up to 70-80% may be deficient. HIV itself, darker skin pigmentation, and some antiretroviral drugs contribute to deficiency. Vitamin D affects immune function and is crucial for bone health (important given increased osteoporosis risk in HIV).
•Zinc supports multiple aspects of immune function. Deficiency accelerates HIV progression. Supplementation may help maintain CD4 counts and reduce opportunistic infections.
•N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) replenishes glutathione, the body's master antioxidant. HIV dramatically depletes glutathione in immune cells, impairing their function. NAC supplementation can restore glutathione levels and may improve T cell function.
•Omega-3 Fatty Acids have anti-inflammatory effects and can help manage the dyslipidemia (high triglycerides, abnormal cholesterol) that is common both from HIV infection and from some antiretroviral medications.
•Probiotics may help restore the gut microbiome, which is significantly disrupted in HIV. Gut damage in HIV leads to bacterial translocation and chronic inflammation. Probiotics may help support the gut barrier and immune function.

Expected timeline: Effects are supportive and ongoing. Deficiency correction: 4-12 weeks. Always coordinate with your HIV care team.

Generated from peer-reviewed researchSchema v2.0

Supplements for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Sorted by strength of evidence

AColostrum
2
↑CD4 LymphocytesImproves↓Diarrhea SymptomsImproves↓Fatigue SymptomsImproves
CChromium
1
↓Blood glucoseImproves↑Glycemic ControlImproves↓Body FatImproves
CCannabis
1
↓Analgesic UseImproves↑B Cell CountImproves↑CD4 LymphocytesImproves
CTetradecyl Thioacetic Acid
1
↓Apolipoprotein BImproves↑Glycemic ControlImproves↓HbA1cImproves
CSpirulina
1
↑Glycemic ControlImproves↑Superoxide Dismutase ActivityImproves↑Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)Improves
CPolicosanol
1
↑High-density lipoprotein (HDL)Improves↓Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)Improves↓Total cholesterolImproves
DFish Oil
1
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)↓Cell Adhesion FactorsImproves↑High-density lipoprotein (HDL)Improves
DGuduchi
1
CD4 Lymphocytes↑Eosinophil countWorsens↓HIV SymptomsImproves
DKing of Bitters
1
CD4 Lymphocytes↑Early Virologic ResponseImproves↑Liver EnzymesWorsens
DAlanylglutamine
1
CD4 Lymphocytes↑HIV Viral LoadImproves↑Intestinal PermeabilityImproves
DDHEA
1
Bone Mineral Density↑Muscle MassImproves↑Subjective Well-BeingImproves
DGuduchi
1
CD4 Lymphocytes↑Eosinophil countWorsens↓HIV SymptomsImproves
DLactobacillus reuteri
1
Bilirubin↓Blood PressureImproves↓Heart RateImproves

Detailed Outcomes

Grade:
Effect:
Size:
Sort:
|
B
CD4 Lymphocytes
Small Increase
3 studies
small↑Improves
?
Diarrhea Symptoms
4 studies
↓Improves
?
Fatigue Symptoms
2 studies
↓Improves
?
Weight
2 studies
↓Improves
?
Fecal Weight
1 study
↓Improves
?
Hemoglobin
1 study
↑Improves
?
HIV Viral Load
1 study
↑Improves
C
Blood glucose
Small Improvement
1 study
small↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
2 studies
↑Improves
?
Body Fat
1 study
↓Improves
?
CD4 Lymphocytes
1 study
↑Improves
?
HbA1c
1 study
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study
↑Improves
?
HIV Viral Load
1 study
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study
↓Improves
C
Analgesic Use
Small Decrease
1 study
small↓Improves
?
B Cell Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
CD4 Lymphocytes
1 study
↑Improves
?
CD8 Lymphocytes
1 study
↑Improves
?
Ghrelin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Leptin
1 study
↑Improves
?
Lymphocyte Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
Natural Killer Cell Activity
1 study
↑Improves
?
Natural Killer Cell Content
1 study
↑Improves
?
Peptide YY (PYY)
1 study
↑Improves
C
Apolipoprotein B
Small Improvement
1 study
small↓Improves
?
Glycemic Control
1 study
↑Improves
?
HbA1c
1 study
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study
↑Improves
?
HIV Viral Load
1 study
↑Improves
?
Kidney Function
1 study
↑Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
1 study
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study
↓Improves
?
TNF-Alpha
1 study
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study
↓Improves
C
Glycemic Control
Small Improvement
1 study
small↑Improves
?
Superoxide Dismutase Activity
6 studies
↑Improves
?
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
6 studies
↑Improves
C
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Small Improvement
1 study
small↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
D
CD4 Lymphocytes
No effect
2 studies
none
?
Early Virologic Response
1 study
↑Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
1 study
↑Worsens
D
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
No effect
1 study
none
?
Cell Adhesion Factors
1 study
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study
↑Improves
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study
↓Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study
↓Improves
D
CD4 Lymphocytes
No effect
1 study
none
?
Eosinophil count
1 study
↑Worsens
?
HIV Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
?
Neutrophil Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
T Cell Count
1 study
↑Improves
D
CD4 Lymphocytes
No effect
1 study
none
?
HIV Viral Load
1 study
↑Improves
?
Intestinal Permeability
1 study
↑Improves
?
Weight
1 study
↑Worsens
D
Bone Mineral Density
No effect
1 study
none
?
Muscle Mass
1 study
↑Improves
?
Subjective Well-Being
1 study
↑Improves
D
CD4 Lymphocytes
No effect
1 study
none
?
Eosinophil count
1 study
↑Worsens
?
HIV Symptoms
1 study
↓Improves
?
Neutrophil Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
T Cell Count
1 study
↑Improves
D
Bilirubin
No effect
1 study
none
?
Blood Pressure
1 study
↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study
↓Improves
?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
1 study
↑Improves
?
Kidney Function
1 study
↑Improves
?
Liver Enzymes
1 study
↑Worsens
?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
1 study
↓Improves
?
Lymphocyte Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
Monocyte Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
Neutrophil Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
Red Blood Cell Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
Serum Platelets
1 study
↑Improves
?
Total cholesterol
1 study
↓Improves
?
Triglycerides
1 study
↓Improves
?
Weight
1 study
↓Improves
?
White Blood Cell Count
1 study
↑Improves
?
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
1 study
↑Worsens

Related Conditions

Metabolic Health

10 shared supplements · 975 outcomes

Research on metabolism, blood glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic syndrome.

Immune Health

10 shared supplements · 409 outcomes

Immune health refers to the body's ability to resist potentially harmful microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria, and includes both innate and acquired immunity.

9 shared supplements · outcomes

Type 2 Diabetes

7 shared supplements · 868 outcomes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease in which blood glucose levels are too high. It is characterized by insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and pancreas cells and an inability of the pancreas to manufacture enough insulin to control blood glucose levels. T2D is strongly associated with excess body fat, and weight loss induced by lifestyle changes is extremely effective for treating T2D.

High Cholesterol

7 shared supplements · 553 outcomes

High amounts of low-density lipoproteins cause fatty plaques to build up in the arteries, which restricts blood flow and can cause health problems like a heart attack. Lifestyle factors (e.g., poor diet, smoking) and genetics play a huge role in blood cholesterol levels.

General Athletic Performance

7 shared supplements · 656 outcomes

General athletic performance refers to an individual's ability to perform in various sports and physical activities, including strength, speed, endurance, and agility.

Weight Loss & Maintenance

6 shared supplements · 433 outcomes

This goal refers to people with a BMI >25 attempting to reach/maintain their ideal weight. While interventions that work for people with a BMI >25 may also work for people with a lower BMI, the context is often sufficiently different that this isn't assured.

5 shared supplements · outcomes