Condition
Asthma
Asthma is a long-term condition in which the airways become inflamed and overly sensitive, so they narrow easily and cause wheezing, chest tightness, breathlessness and coughing. Probiotics, magnesium and saffron have the most support, and small trials found asthma symptoms improved with each, with moderate evidence. Those studies were small, often in children, and they were mostly add-ons to usual asthma care.
Sources: PMID 41098501; PMID 39563347; PMID 16788707
- Supplements studied
- 24
- Graded outcomes
- 17
- Trials
- 21
- People studied
- 14,935
Evidence by supplement
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 2 studies | 544 people | ||
| Lung Function | Improves (the measure goes up) | 1 study | 438 people | |||
| Immunoglobulin A | Improves (the measure goes up) | 362 people | ||||
| Immunoglobulin E | Improves (the measure goes up) | 372 people | ||||
| Interleukin 4 | Improves (the measure goes up) | 665 people | ||||
Saffron
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
- Blood Pressure: improves
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP): improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 160 people | |||
| Blood Pressure | Improves (the measure goes down) | 3 studies | 80 people | |||
Studies that measured blood pressure
| ||||||
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | Improves (the measure goes down) | 1 study | 80 people | |||
| Basophil Count | Improves (the measure goes up) | 80 people | ||||
| Eosinophil count | Changes; see studies | 80 people | ||||
| Lung Function | Improves (the measure goes up) | 80 people | ||||
Violet Flower
- Asthma-Related Cough: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma-Related Cough A double-blind RCT in 182 children (ages 2-12) with intermittent asthma found that violet syrup as an adjunct to short-acting beta-agonist achieved 50% cough reduction and 100% cough suppression significantly faster than placebo (P<0.001). | Improves (the measure goes down) | Moderate effect | 2 studies | 182 people | ||
Moringa
- Lung Function: improves
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
- Lymphocyte Count: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung Function Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes up) | Small effect | 1 study | 20 people | ||
Studies that measured lung function | ||||||
| Asthma Symptoms Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 20 people | |||
| Lymphocyte Count | Improves (the measure goes up) | 20 people | ||||
| White Blood Cell Count | Improves (the measure goes up) | 20 people | ||||
Black seed
- Allergy Symptoms: improves
- Lung Function: improves
- Asthma Symptoms: changes; see studies
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allergy Symptoms Moderate Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | Moderate effect | 1 study | 29 people | ||
Studies that measured allergy symptoms | ||||||
| Lung Function | Improves (the measure goes up) | 2 studies | 29 people | |||
Studies that measured lung function | ||||||
| Asthma Symptoms | Changes; see studies | 1 study | 29 people | |||
Studies that measured asthma symptoms | ||||||
L-Carnitine
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
- Eosinophil count: changes; see studies
- Immunoglobulin E: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 1 study | 50 people | ||
Studies that measured asthma symptoms | ||||||
| Eosinophil count | Changes; see studies | 50 people | ||||
| Immunoglobulin E | Improves (the measure goes up) | 50 people | ||||
| Lung Function | Improves (the measure goes up) | 50 people | ||||
Citrulline
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
- Lung Function: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 1 study | 44 people | ||
Studies that measured asthma symptoms | ||||||
| Lung Function | Improves (the measure goes up) | 44 people | ||||
Salidrosides
- Airway Inflammation: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airway Inflammation In asthmatic mice, salidroside attenuated airway inflammation and remodeling via the miR-323-3p/SOCS5 axis. A separate study showed salidroside alleviated PM2.5-caused lung injury via NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in animal models. | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 6 studies | |||
Studies that measured airway inflammation
| ||||||
Haninjin
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms In an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model in BALB/c mice, the carbohydrate fraction AIP1 from A. iwayomogi significantly reduced pulmonary eosinophilia, Th2-type cytokine expression, serum IgE levels, and TNF-alpha expression. The mechanism involved decreased dendritic cell surface expression of CD11c and MHC II. Single preclinical study only. | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 5 studies | |||
Studies that measured asthma symptoms
| ||||||
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
- Allergic Airway Inflammation: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allergic Airway Inflammation In an OVA-sensitized mouse model, heat-inactivated L. paracasei K47 significantly reduced total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and OVA-specific IgG1, ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness, suppressed inflammatory cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and rebalanced Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles. No human data available. | Improves (the measure goes down) | Moderate effect | 3 studies | |||
Studies that measured allergic airway inflammation
| ||||||
Loquat
- Respiratory Function and Cough Suppression: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory Function and Cough Suppression In mouse models, loquat leaf aqueous and ethanol extracts demonstrated antitussive and expectorant activities. In ovalbumin-induced asthma models, leaf extract reduced airway inflammation, mucus production, and inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-13, IgE). Triterpene acids showed anti-oxidative effects in chronic bronchitis rat models. Supports traditional TCM use but no human trials exist. | Improves (the measure goes up) | Moderate effect | 3 studies | |||
Studies that measured respiratory function and cough suppression | ||||||
Vitamin E
- Asthma Symptoms
- Immunoglobulin E: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms No effect | NoneNo effect | 1 study | 64 people | |||
| Immunoglobulin E | Improves (the measure goes up) | 64 people |
Vitamin D
- Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Risk: changes; see studies
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms No effect | NoneNo effect | 2,461 people | ||||
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Risk | Changes; see studies | 13 studies | 3,958 people | |||
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms | Improves (the measure goes down) | 13 studies | 658 people | |||
| Asthma Symptoms | Improves (the measure goes down) | 2 studies | 2,461 people | |||
| Allergy Symptoms | Improves (the measure goes down) | 2,461 people | ||||
| Eczema Symptoms | Improves (the measure goes down) | 2,461 people | ||||
| Immunoglobulin E | Improves (the measure goes up) | 2,461 people | ||||
| Lung Function | Improves (the measure goes up) | 156 people |
Higenamine
- Bronchodilation: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchodilation As a confirmed beta-2 adrenergic agonist, higenamine has theoretical bronchodilator (anti-asthmatic) properties based on its established pharmacological mechanism. Beta-2 agonism is a well-validated pathway for airway smooth muscle relaxation. However, none of the available PubMed studies directly tested bronchodilation, and no human respiratory data exists for higenamine. | Improves (the measure goes up) | Small effect |
Rhamnus nakaharai
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms No published studies exist on Rhamnus nakaharai for asthma. Traditional Taiwanese folk use for asthma has been reported. Quercetin, a constituent of the plant, has shown anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects in preclinical models, but these findings come from isolated quercetin research, not from this species. | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect |
Coleus forskohlii
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms | Improves (the measure goes down) | 2 studies | 40 people |
Boswellia
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | 2 studies | 80 people |
Pycnogenol
- Asthma Symptoms: changes; see studies
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms | Changes; see studies | 2 studies | 95 people |
Fish Oil
- Airway Inflammation Markers: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airway Inflammation Markers | Improves (the measure goes down) | 1 study | 16 people |
Conjugated Linoleic Acid
- Asthma Symptoms: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms | Improves (the measure goes down) | 1 study | 6 people |
Lactobacillus reuteri
- Allergic Disease Risk: changes; see studies
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allergic Disease Risk | Changes; see studies | 1 study | 184 people |
Caffeine
- Asthma Symptoms: changes; see studies
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma Symptoms | Changes; see studies | 1 study | 75 people |
Spirulina
- Lung Function: improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung Function | Improves (the measure goes up) | 34 people |
Key findings
- Asthma SymptomsImproves (the measure goes down)
- Asthma-Related CoughImproves (the measure goes down)
- Lung FunctionImproves (the measure goes up)
The Asthma protocol
2 primary supplements · 5 supporting supplements
Shop the evidence-backed picks
Support alongside medical care. These supplements are not a treatment for Asthma. If you are being treated for it, talk to your clinician before adding one: supplements can interact with medicines.
The collection holds the supplements we grade A or B for its theme, in third-party tested products where the catalog has them. It opens in our Fullscript store. You can look through it without signing in; Fullscript asks for a free account to order.
Or shop one supplement
The supplements graded A or B for Asthma. Each opens third-party tested products for that supplement.
- Grade B
- Grade B
- Grade B
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Studies cited
100 studies from PubMed
- The Effect of Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K71 on Abdominal Fat Reduction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparative Trial
- Safety Evaluation of Human-Derived Uric Acid Degrading Lacticaseibacillus paracasei M2a and Its Impact on Gut Microbiota
- The effects of probiotic supplementation on cardiometabolic health in patients with prediabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.
- Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells and mitigates common cold-like symptoms in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation for major adverse cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis based on randomised controlled trials.
- Artemisia iwayomogi herbal extract improves learning and reduces amyloid-beta burden in 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mice
- Effect of a Lactobacilli-Based Direct-Fed Microbial Product on Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Morphological Changes
- Salidroside directly activates HSC70, revealing a new role for HSC70 in BDNF signalling and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia.
- Development of real-time PCR based molecular markers for two medicinal herb Artemisia species A. capillaris and A. iwayomogi
- Salidroside pretreatment alleviates PM2.5 caused lung injury via inhibition of apoptosis and pyroptosis through regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome.
- Network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental validation to explore the therapeutic mechanism of salidroside on intestine ischemia reperfusion.
- Efficacy and safety of add-on Viola odorata L. in the treatment of COVID-19: A randomized double-blind controlled trial
- Detection of Coumarin Derivatives of Viola odorata Cultivated in Iraq
- Yomogin from Artemisia iwayomogi suppresses neuroinflammatory responses via MAPK inhibition
- Supplementation with heat-inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K47 ameliorates allergic asthma in mice by regulating the Th1/Th2 balance
- Protective mechanisms of loquat leaf extract and ursolic acid against diabetic pro-inflammation
- Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaves: A summary
- Probiotics and Immune Health: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
- Probiotics for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Salidroside Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Remodeling via the miR-323-3p/SOCS5 Axis in Asthmatic Mice.
- Salidroside Exerts Beneficial Effect on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.
- Safety of a Sustainably Produced, Bioengineered, Nature-Identical Salidroside Compound.
- Salidroside in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
- Impact of Drying Conditions on Antioxidant Activity of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense), Sweet Violet (Viola odorata) and Elderberry Flowers (Sambucus nigra)
- Effects of Fermented Milk Containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Constipation in Patients with Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NK112 mitigates Escherichia coli-induced depression and cognitive impairment in mice by regulating IL-6 expression and gut microbiota
- Health-Promoting Properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A Focus on Kefir Isolates and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains
- Eriobotrya japonica leaf water extract in the treatment of cough variant asthma
- Probiotics for Prevention and Treatment of Diarrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Effects of Probiotics on Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
- Probiotics and Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- The Gut Microbiome, Probiotics, and Their Impact on Skin Health: A Review
- Salidroside protects endothelial cells against LPS-induced inflammatory injury by inhibiting NLRP3 and enhancing autophagy.
- The bioinformatics and metabolomics research on anti-hypoxic molecular mechanisms of Salidroside via regulating the PTEN mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
- Effects of Nigella sativa on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
- Polyphenolic extract from Artemisia iwayomogi flowers inhibits NF-kappaB signaling in LPS-stimulated macrophages
- Intestinal release of biofilm-like microcolonies encased in calcium-pectinate beads increases probiotic properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
- New Bacteriocins from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CNCM I-5369 Adsorbed on Alginate Nanoparticles Are Very Active against Escherichia coli
- Resveratrol Favors Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Strain ATCC334
- Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity in extract from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica
- Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract attenuates airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced mice model of asthma
- Health Benefits of Probiotics: A Review
- Probiotics: Comprehensive Review of Growth Promotion Mechanisms and Action in Food Products
- Probiotics: Classification, Mode of Action and Role in Human Nutrition
- Contribution of salidroside to the relieve of symptom and sign in the early acute stage of osteoarthritis in rat model.
- Salidroside Alleviates Cartilage Degeneration Through NF-κB Pathway in Osteoarthritis Rats.
- Salidroside inhibits platelet function and thrombus formation through AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.
- Salidroside as a potential neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke: a review of sources, pharmacokinetics, mechanism and safety.
- Effects of spirulina and wakame consumption on intestinal cholesterol absorption and serum lipid concentrations in non-hypercholesterolemic adult men and women
- Efficacy of Sweet Violet (Viola odorata) flower oil on the symptoms of adults with allergic rhinitis: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
- The Effect of Viola Odorata L. Oil for Fever in Children: A Randomized Triple-blinded Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
- Black Seed and Its Active Component Thymoquinone: Clinical Applications
- Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: A Therapeutic Promise for COVID-19 and Beyond
- Nigella sativa for Diabetes Management: A Review of Clinical Studies
- Safety and Efficacy of Nigella sativa in Clinical Practice
- The stimulant higenamine in weight loss and sports supplements
- Corosolic acid isolated from Eriobotrya japonica leaves reduces glucose level in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, zebrafish and rats
- Safety of Probiotics: A Comprehensive Review
- Probiotics, Prebiotics and Inflammation: A Review of the Science
- Probiotics and Healthy Ageing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Salidroside Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-ethanol-induced Activation of Proinflammatory Macrophages via Notch Signaling Pathway.
- Spirulina in Health and Disease Prevention: A Comprehensive Review
- Optimal Vitamin D Status: Evidence and Guidelines
- Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention: A Comprehensive Review
- Nigella sativa (Black Seed): A Comprehensive Review of Its Biological Effects
- Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Nigella sativa: A Systematic Review
- Nigella sativa (Black Seed) and Blood Pressure: A Comprehensive Review
- Salidroside inhibits inflammatory factor release in BV-2 cells through p38 and JNK pathways.
- Spirulina Supplementation and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
- Spirulina and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review
- Spirulina (Arthrospira): Nutritional Value and Health Effects
- Spirulina and Immune Function: A Systematic Review
- Safety Assessment of Spirulina (Arthrospira) as a Dietary Supplement
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Vitamin D and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Vitamin D and Immune Function: A Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
- Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy: Safety and Efficacy Review
- Therapeutic Properties of Nigella sativa: A Clinical Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Nigella sativa in Metabolic Syndrome: A Review
- Antioxidant and Anti-Cancer Effects of Nigella sativa: Evidence from Clinical Trials
- Artemisia iwayomogi extract attenuates high-fat diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice: potential involvement of the adiponectin-AMPK pathway and very low density lipoprotein assembly in the liver
- World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: Probiotics and Prebiotics
- Probiotics for Human Use: Current Advances and Future Perspectives
- A Systematic Review of the Effects of Spirulina on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
- Effects of Spirulina on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Vitamin D Supplementation: A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy for Various Health Outcomes
- Vitamin D Deficiency: Global Health Perspective
- Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Evidence
- Vitamin D and Bone Health in Adults: A Systematic Review
- Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin): A Promising Natural Remedy for Wide Range of Illnesses
- Effect of Loquat Leaf Extract on Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Function in Healthy Adults
- Salidroside protects against kainic acid-induced status epilepticus via suppressing oxidative stress.
- Salidroside, a Bioactive Compound of Rhodiola Rosea, Ameliorates Memory and Emotional Behavior in Adult Mice.
- Salidroside exhibits anti-dengue virus activity by upregulating host innate immune factors.
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Spirulina: Evidence from Clinical Studies
- Effects of Spirulina on Body Weight and Blood Glucose: A Meta-Analysis
- Analysis of Almond-Violet Oil by Gas Chromatography (A Traditional Formula)