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Salidrosides

Salidroside is a glucoside compound and one of the main bioactive constituents of Rhodiola rosea. Often standardized in Rhodiola extracts (typically 1-3%). Has neuroprotective and adaptogenic properties. Research shows anti-fatigue, anti-stress, and potential anti-depressant effects. Mechanism involves HPA axis modulation, AMPK activation, and antioxidant effects. Most clinical evidence is for the whole Rhodiola rosea extract rather than isolated salidroside. May be more effective as part of whole plant extract than in isolation.

Quick Answer

What it is

Salidroside is a glucoside compound and one of the main bioactive constituents of Rhodiola rosea. Often standardized in Rhodiola extracts (typically 1-3%).

Key findings

  • Grade C: Fatigue and Stress Resilience
  • Grade D: Neuroprotection
  • Grade D: Oxidative Stress

Safety

  • Multiple preclinical studies demonstrate salidroside protects neurons against ischemia, polyglutamine toxicity, and oxidative damage in cell and animal models.
ℹ️ Quick Facts: Salidrosides

Quick Facts: Salidrosides

  • Best Evidence:Grade D
  • Conditions Studied:8
  • Research Outcomes:11
  • Key Effect:Acute Mountain Sickness
Outcomes by grade:
A0
B0
C1
D10
8 conditions · 11 outcomes

Detailed Outcomes

Grade:
Effect:
Size:
Sort:
|
C
Fatigue and Stress Resilience
Anti-fatigue and adaptogenic effects have been demonstrated in human trials using Rhodiola rosea extract standardized for salidroside content. Salidroside is considered a key bioactive responsible for these effects via HPA axis modulation and monoamine system regulation, though human data is for the whole extract rather than isolated compound.
moderate↑Worsens
D
Systemic Inflammation
In vitro and animal studies show salidroside inhibits LPS-induced macrophage activation via MAPK/NF-kB and Notch signaling pathways. Salidroside also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in endothelial cells and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine release in BV-2 microglia.
moderate↓Improves
D
Depressive Symptoms
Salidroside showed antidepressant-like effects in olfactory bulbectomy rat models by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and normalizing HPA axis hyperactivity. Human antidepressant evidence exists only for whole Rhodiola rosea extract, not isolated salidroside.
small↓Improves
D
Neuroprotection
Multiple preclinical studies demonstrate salidroside protects neurons against ischemia, polyglutamine toxicity, and oxidative damage in cell and animal models. Mechanisms include HSC70/BDNF signaling activation, antioxidant activity, and reduced neuroinflammation via MAPK/NF-kB pathways.
moderate↑Improves
D
Oxidative Stress
Multiple preclinical studies demonstrate salidroside reduces oxidative stress across diverse models including neuronal cells, cardiomyocytes, and C. elegans. Mechanisms involve direct antioxidant activity and upregulation of endogenous antioxidant defenses.
moderate↓Improves
D
Cardiovascular Protection
In preclinical models, salidroside protected H9c2 cardiomyocytes from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis and inhibited platelet function and thrombus formation through AKT/GSK3β signaling. Endothelial cell protection via NLRP3 inhibition and autophagy enhancement has also been demonstrated.
small↑Improves
D
Cognitive Function
In an animal study, salidroside ameliorated memory and emotional behavior in adult mice. Preclinical models of cognitive impairment suggest salidroside may improve learning and memory through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
small↑Improves
D
Joint and Cartilage Degeneration
In rat models of osteoarthritis, salidroside relieved symptoms in the early acute stage and alleviated cartilage degeneration through NF-κB pathway modulation. No human clinical data is available for this outcome.
small↓Worsens
D
Airway Inflammation
In asthmatic mice, salidroside attenuated airway inflammation and remodeling via the miR-323-3p/SOCS5 axis. A separate study showed salidroside alleviated PM2.5-caused lung injury via NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in animal models.
small↓Improves
D
Hypoxia Tolerance
Bioinformatics and metabolomics research suggests salidroside exerts anti-hypoxic effects by regulating the PTEN-mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Traditional use of Rhodiola at high altitude is consistent with this mechanism, but direct clinical evidence for isolated salidroside is lacking.
small↑Improves
D
Bladder Cancer Cell Growth
In vitro, Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside decreased bladder cancer cell line growth via inhibition of the mTOR pathway and induction of autophagy. This is limited to a single cell-line study with no animal or human confirmation.
small↓Improves

Research Citations (23)

Salidroside directly activates HSC70, revealing a new role for HSC70 in BDNF signalling and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia.
(2024)
PMID: 38488455
Salidroside pretreatment alleviates PM2.5 caused lung injury via inhibition of apoptosis and pyroptosis through regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome.
(2023)
PMID: 37236293
Network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental validation to explore the therapeutic mechanism of salidroside on intestine ischemia reperfusion.
(2023)
PMID: 37530723
Salidroside Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Remodeling via the miR-323-3p/SOCS5 Axis in Asthmatic Mice.
(2022)
PMID: 34856542
Salidroside Exerts Beneficial Effect on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.
(2022)
PMID: 35602096
Safety of a Sustainably Produced, Bioengineered, Nature-Identical Salidroside Compound.
(2022)
PMID: 35684130
Salidroside in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
(2022)
PMID: 36210339
Salidroside protects endothelial cells against LPS-induced inflammatory injury by inhibiting NLRP3 and enhancing autophagy.
(2021)
PMID: 34011327
The bioinformatics and metabolomics research on anti-hypoxic molecular mechanisms of Salidroside via regulating the PTEN mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
(2021)
PMID: 34092295
Contribution of salidroside to the relieve of symptom and sign in the early acute stage of osteoarthritis in rat model.
(2020)
PMID: 32315736

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