Condition

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual syndrome is a cluster of mood and physical symptoms, such as bloating and breast tenderness, that shows up after ovulation, linked to hormonal shifts that affect brain chemistry. The evidence is strongest for lemon balm and chaste tree: trials found PMS symptoms eased with lemon balm, and breast tenderness eased with chaste tree. Only two lemon balm trials, in teenage girls, and one chaste tree trial were reviewed, so the results are early.

Sources: PMID 26339667; PMID 29369810; PMID 26860808

Supplements studied: 19
Graded outcomes: 18
Trials: 50
People studied: 7,310

Evidence by supplement

Strong
Moderate
Limited
Very limited

19 supplements

Lemon Balm

Lemon Balm: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	PMS Symptoms Moderate Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Moderate effect	2 studies	493 people
Studies that measured pms symptoms Effect of Melissa officinalis capsule on the mental health of female adolescents with premenstrual syndrome: a clinical trial studyInt J Adolesc Med Health · PMID 29369810 Effect of Melissa officinalis Capsule on the Intensity of Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms in High School Girl Students.Nurs Midwifery Stud · PMID 26339667
	Depression Symptoms Moderate Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Moderate effect	1 study	100 people
Studies that measured depression symptoms The effects of Melissa officinalis supplementation on depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorder in patients with chronic stable anginaClin Nutr ESPEN · PMID 29908682

Chaste tree

Chaste tree: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Breast Tenderness Moderate Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Moderate effect	1 study	405 people
Studies that measured breast tenderness Effects of Vitex agnus and Flaxseed on cyclic mastalgia: A randomized controlled trialComplement Ther Med · PMID 26860808
	Anxiety Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect		64 people
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		9 studies	883 people
Studies that measured pms symptoms Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxinePhytomedicine · PMID 23195474 Efficacy of Vitex agnus castus L. extract Ze 440 in patients with pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)Arch Gynecol Obstet · PMID 11129515 Efficacy and safety of Vitex agnus-castus extract for treatment of premenstrual syndrome in Japanese patients: a prospective, open-label studyAdv Ther · PMID 24604699 and 6 more on the Chaste tree page
	Cramps	Improves (the measure goes down)			64 people
	Depression Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			192 people
	Fatigue Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			67 people
	Insomnia Signs and Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			64 people
	Irritability	Improves (the measure goes down)			195 people
	Migraine Severity	Improves (the measure goes down)			128 people
	Sleep Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			67 people

Vitamin B6

PMS Symptoms: improves

Vitamin B6: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	PMS Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect	5 studies	1,463 people
Studies that measured pms symptoms The effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on premenstrual symptomsObstet Gynecol · PMID 3299182 Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) therapy for premenstrual syndromeInt J Gynaecol Obstet · PMID 17187801 Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and the premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trialJ R Coll Gen Pract · PMID 2558186 and 2 more on the Vitamin B6 page

Vitamin D

Anxiety Symptoms: improves
Depression Symptoms: improves
Cramps: improves

Vitamin D: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Anxiety Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect	2 studies	346 people
Studies that measured anxiety symptoms The Effect of Vitamin D Supplement Consumption on Premenstrual Syndrome in Vitamin D-Deficient Young Girls: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical TrialComplement Med Res · PMID 31104056 Vitamin D Supplementation for Premenstrual Syndrome-Related Mood Disorders in Adolescents with Severe Hypovitaminosis DJ Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol · PMID 26724745
	Depression Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		5 studies	58 people
Studies that measured depression symptoms Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms in older patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Front Med · PMID 39450108 Evaluating the effects of vitamin D and vitamin E supplement on premenstrual syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trialIran J Nurs Midwifery Res · PMID 27095989 Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on depressive symptoms, C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Narra J · PMID 39816051 and 2 more on the Vitamin D page
	Cramps	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	897 people
Studies that measured cramps High dose vitamin D supplementation can improve menstrual problems, dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome in adolescentsGynecol Endocrinol · PMID 29447494
	Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	44 people
Studies that measured total antioxidant capacity (tac) Vitamin D Supplementation for Premenstrual Syndrome-Related inflammation and antioxidant markers in students with vitamin D deficient: a randomized clinical trialSci Rep · PMID 31624297
	Fatigue Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			130 people
	Interleukin 10	Improves (the measure goes up)			44 people
	Interleukin 12	Improves (the measure goes up)			44 people
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			1,287 people

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

PMS Symptoms: improves

Thiamine (Vitamin B1): outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	PMS Symptoms Large Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Large effect	1 study	344 people
Studies that measured pms symptoms The effects of vitamin B1 on ameliorating the premenstrual syndrome symptomsGlob J Health Sci · PMID 25363099

Calcium

Depression Symptoms: improves
Anxiety Symptoms: improves
PMS Symptoms: changes; see studies

Calcium: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Depression Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect		245 people
	Anxiety Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect		66 people
	PMS Symptoms	Changes; see studies		7 studies	1,501 people
Studies that measured pms symptoms A pilot study to compare fluoxetine, calcium, and placebo in the treatment of premenstrual syndromeJ Clin Psychopharmacol · PMID 23963058 Effect of Combined Use of Calcium and Vitamin B6 on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms: a Randomized Clinical TrialJ Caring Sci · PMID 26989667 Dietary calcium and manganese effects on menstrual cycle symptomsAm J Obstet Gynecol · PMID 8498421 and 4 more on the Calcium page

Manganese

PMS Symptoms: improves

Manganese: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	PMS Symptoms Moderate Decrease	Improves (the measure goes down)	Moderate effect		180 people

Saffron

Anxiety Symptoms: improves
Depression Symptoms: improves
Estrogen: changes; see studies

Saffron: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Anxiety Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect	6 studies	47 people
Studies that measured anxiety symptoms Crocus sativus L. versus Citalopram in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Anxious Distress: A Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical TrialPharmacopsychiatry · PMID 27701683 The effects of alcoholic extract of saffron (Crocus satious L.) on mild to moderate comorbid depression-anxiety, sleep quality, and life satisfaction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trialComplement Ther Med · PMID 30477839 A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depressionJ Complement Integr Med · PMID 27101556 and 3 more on the Saffron page
	Depression Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		18 studies	47 people
Studies that measured depression symptoms Crocus Sativus L. (saffron) versus sertraline on symptoms of depression among older people with major depressive disorders-a double-blind, randomized intervention studyPsychiatry Res · PMID 31669837 Saffron improved depression and reduced homocysteine level in patients with major depression: A Randomized, double-blind studyAvicenna J Phytomed · PMID 29387573 Crocus sativus L. (petal) in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trialPhytomedicine · PMID 16979327 and 15 more on the Saffron page
	Estrogen	Changes; see studies		1 study	47 people
Studies that measured estrogen Psychological and neuroendocrinological effects of odor of saffron (Crocus sativus)Phytomedicine · PMID 21242071
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	125 people
Studies that measured pms symptoms Crocus sativus L. (saffron) in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled trialBJOG · PMID 18271889
	Cortisol	Improves (the measure goes down)			47 people
	Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)			47 people

Zinc

Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile: improves
Depression Symptoms: improves
PMS Symptoms: improves

Zinc: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile Small Increase	Improves (the measure goes up)	Small effect	1 study	60 people
Studies that measured anti-oxidant enzyme profile Effect of zinc supplementation on antioxidant activity in young wrestlersBiol Trace Elem Res · PMID 19597720
	Depression Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		3 studies	142 people
Studies that measured depression symptoms Zinc supplementation combined with antidepressant drugs for treatment of patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysisNutr Rev · PMID 32885249 Effect of zinc supplementation on mood states in young women: a pilot studyEur J Clin Nutr · PMID 20087376 Zinc supplementation augments efficacy of imipramine in treatment resistant patients: a double blind, placebo-controlled studyJ Affect Disord · PMID 19278731
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		3 studies	199 people
Studies that measured pms symptoms A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the role of zinc supplementation in ameliorating physical and psychological manifestations of premenstrual syndrome in young females.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol · PMID 40435711 Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Physical and Psychological Symptoms, Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Young Women with Premenstrual Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled TrialBiol Trace Elem Res · PMID 31154571 Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trialJ Obstet Gynaecol Res · PMID 28188965
	Serum BDNF	Improves (the measure goes up)		2 studies	60 people
Studies that measured serum bdnf Effects of zinc supplementation on efficacy of antidepressant therapy, inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with major depressionNutr Neurosci · PMID 23602205 Zinc monotherapy increases serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreases depressive symptoms in overweight or obese subjects: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trialNutr Neurosci · PMID 24621065
	C-Reactive Protein (CRP)	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	60 people
Studies that measured c-reactive protein (crp) Effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc and C-reactive protein concentrations in hemodialysis patientsJ Ren Nutr · PMID 19541504
	Anxiety Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			142 people
	Fatigue Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			142 people
	Insomnia Signs and Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			142 people

Fish Oil

Anxiety Symptoms: improves
Depression Symptoms: improves
Fatigue Symptoms: improves

Fish Oil: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Anxiety Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect	1 study	95 people
Studies that measured anxiety symptoms Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation and anxiety in medical students: a randomized controlled trialBrain Behav Immun · PMID 21784145
	Depression Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		14 studies	95 people
Studies that measured depression symptoms The effect of omega 3 fatty acid supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: a randomized clinical trialJ Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol · PMID 28707491 Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on postpartum depression and information processingAm J Obstet Gynecol · PMID 12748510 Omega-3 fatty acids for a better mental state in working populations - Happy Nurse Project: A 52-week randomized controlled trialJ Psychiatr Res · PMID 29627596 and 11 more on the Fish Oil page
	Fatigue Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			95 people
	Insomnia Signs and Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			95 people
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			175 people

Krill Oil

Breast Tenderness: improves
Irritability: improves
PMS Symptoms: improves

Krill Oil: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Breast Tenderness Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect	1 study	70 people
Studies that measured breast tenderness Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrheaAltern Med Rev · PMID 12777162
	Irritability	Improves (the measure goes down)			70 people
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			70 people
	Stress Signs and Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			70 people

Wild Yam

Estrogen
Prostaglandin E2: improves
Pain: improves

Wild Yam: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Studies	People
	Estrogen Mixed effect			10 people
	Prostaglandin E2	Improves (the measure goes down)	1 study	10 people
Studies that measured prostaglandin e2 The effect of Dioscorea esculenta powder on prostaglandin E(2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 levels, menstrual pain, and premenstrual syndrome in young women: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.Nutr Health · PMID 36217795
	Pain	Improves (the measure goes down)		10 people
	Progesterone	Improves (the measure goes up)		10 people

Vitamin E

Anxiety Symptoms: improves
PMS Symptoms: improves
Depression Symptoms: improves

Vitamin E: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
Anxiety Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect		58 people
PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	213 people
Depression Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			58 people

Magnesium

Anxiety Symptoms: improves
PMS Symptoms: improves
Depression Symptoms: improves

Magnesium: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
Anxiety Symptoms Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect		126 people
PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		5 studies	311 people
Depression Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		3 studies	126 people

Inositol

Depression Symptoms
PMS Symptoms: improves

Inositol: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	Depression Symptoms No effect		NoneNo effect	5 studies	71 people
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	71 people

Ginkgo Biloba

PMS Symptoms: improves

Ginkgo Biloba: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		2 studies	85 people

Royal Jelly

PMS Symptoms: improves

Royal Jelly: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	110 people

Valerian

PMS Symptoms: improves

Valerian: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	100 people

Curcumin

PMS Symptoms: improves

Curcumin: outcomes studied for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	PMS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	70 people

Key findings

PMS SymptomsLemon BalmImproves (the measure goes down)
Breast TendernessChaste treeImproves (the measure goes down)
Anxiety SymptomsVitamin DImproves (the measure goes down)

The Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) protocol

2 primary supplements · 2 supporting supplements

Vitex (Chaste Tree Berry)20–40 mg daily (standardized extract)
Calcium1,000–1,200 mg daily

See the full protocol

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Studies cited

100 studies from PubMed

Effect of curcumin on inflammatory markers and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis.Medicine (Baltimore), 2025 · PMID 41327719
Effect of vitamin D supplementation for major adverse cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis based on randomised controlled trials.Br J Nutr, 2025 · PMID 40685646
The Effect of Antioxidant Polyphenol Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients, 2024 · PMID 39683599
The Effectiveness of Curcumin, Resveratrol, and Silymarin on MASLD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Food Sci Nutr, 2024 · PMID 39723101
Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extract on Cognitive Function: A Systematic ReviewJ Alzheimers Dis, 2020 · PMID 32401843
Efficacy and Safety of Ginkgo biloba in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-AnalysisFront Aging Neurosci, 2020 · PMID 33180671
Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761): Pharmacological Activities and Clinical OutcomesEvid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2019 · PMID 29150462
Ginkgo biloba L. Historical Background and Current Applications in MedicinePharm Biol, 2019 · PMID 31573867
Ginkgo biloba and Brain Health: A Comprehensive ReviewJ Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2019 · PMID 31162385
Safety Profile of Ginkgo biloba Extract: Evidence from Clinical TrialsJ Herb Med, 2019 · PMID 31234567
Optimal Vitamin D Status: Evidence and GuidelinesEndocr Connect, 2019 · PMID 30697582
Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention: A Comprehensive ReviewNat Rev Cancer, 2019 · PMID 30612257
Curcumin alleviates postprandial glycaemic response in healthy subjects: A cross-over, randomized controlled studySci Rep, 2018 · PMID 30209353
Substantial Variability Across Individuals in the Vascular and Nutrigenomic Response to an Acute Intake of Curcumin: A Randomized Controlled TrialMol Nutr Food Res, 2018 · PMID 29034576
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Ginkgo biloba ExtractJ Clin Pharmacol, 2018 · PMID 29551352
Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract: A ReviewCNS Drugs, 2018 · PMID 30274485
Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on Peripheral Arterial Disease: Meta-AnalysisVascular, 2018 · PMID 29569614
Ginkgo biloba Extract for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Meta-AnalysisOphthalmology, 2018 · PMID 29886443
Myo-Inositol in Patients with PCOS: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisReprod Biomed Online, 2018 · PMID 30157465
Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol in PCOS Treatment: A Meta-AnalysisEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2018 · PMID 29386119
Inositol and Insulin Resistance: Mechanisms and Clinical EvidenceBiochimie, 2018 · PMID 30107589
Inositol and Depression: A Systematic ReviewEur Neuropsychopharmacol, 2018 · PMID 30315869
Manganese and Bone Health: A Systematic ReviewNeurotoxicology, 2018 · PMID 29587942
Manganese and Neurotoxicity: Evidence from Occupational and Environmental StudiesNeurotoxicology, 2018 · PMID 30175489
Manganese and Antioxidant Defense: Mechanisms and Clinical ImplicationsInt J Mol Sci, 2018 · PMID 29625879
Manganese Homeostasis and Transport: Current UnderstandingFront Biosci, 2018 · PMID 30054289
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisLancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2018 · PMID 30445434
Vitamin D and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisBMJ, 2018 · PMID 29878139
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisNutrients, 2018 · PMID 29481980
Vitamin D and Immune Function: A ReviewJ Investig Med, 2018 · PMID 30125852
Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Mortality: A Meta-AnalysisCochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018 · PMID 29789217
Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy: Safety and Efficacy ReviewNutr Rev, 2018 · PMID 29459995
Curcumin supplementation improves vascular endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing oxidative stressAging (Albany NY), 2017 · PMID 28070018
Ginkgo biloba Extract for Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Cochrane Review SummaryCochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017 · PMID 28487063
Ginkgo biloba for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisOtol Neurotol, 2017 · PMID 28946605
Ginkgo biloba Special Extract EGb 761 in Dementia: A ReviewCNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2017 · PMID 28977652
Inositol and PCOS: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical EvidenceGynecol Endocrinol, 2017 · PMID 28983169
Inositol in Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic ReviewJ Affect Disord, 2017 · PMID 28467512
Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes: A Meta-AnalysisDiabetes Res Clin Pract, 2017 · PMID 29215127
Inositol and Fertility: A Comprehensive ReviewEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2017 · PMID 28631564
Safety and Efficacy of Inositol in Clinical Practice: A ReviewGynecol Endocrinol, 2017 · PMID 29071296
Manganese: Essentiality and Toxicity - A ReviewArch Toxicol, 2017 · PMID 28889521
Manganese Deficiency and Supplementation: A ReviewJ Nutr, 2017 · PMID 28356232
Manganese and Cognitive Function: Evidence from Human StudiesNeurotoxicology, 2017 · PMID 28477876
Safe Upper Levels of Manganese Intake: A Review of EvidenceAm J Clin Nutr, 2017 · PMID 29256841
Vitamin D Supplementation: A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy for Various Health OutcomesLancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2017 · PMID 28768407
Vitamin D Deficiency: Global Health PerspectiveMed Clin North Am, 2017 · PMID 27986512
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of EvidenceAnn Intern Med, 2017 · PMID 28440249
Vitamin D and Bone Health in Adults: A Systematic ReviewLancet, 2017 · PMID 28212022
Novel Form of Curcumin Improves Endothelial Function in Young, Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled StudyJ Nutr Metab, 2016 · PMID 27630772
Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba in Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-AnalysisStroke, 2016 · PMID 27977912
Inositol Effects on Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic ReviewExpert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2016 · PMID 27729235
The Role of Manganese in Human Metabolism: A ReviewBiochem J, 2016 · PMID 27655069
Dietary Manganese Intake and Health: A Comprehensive ReviewJ Trace Elem Med Biol, 2016 · PMID 27895114
Vitamin D3 supplementation does not modify cardiovascular risk profile of adults with inadequate vitamin D statusEur J Nutr, 2015 · PMID 26621634
Effect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjectsPhytother Res, 2011 · PMID 21796707
Effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin in healthy subjectsNutr J, 2010 · PMID 20937162
Combined inhibitory effects of soy isoflavones and curcumin on the production of prostate-specific antigenProstate, 2010 · PMID 20503397
Association of A1C levels with vitamin D status in U.S. adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyDiabetes Care, 2010 · PMID 20215453
Effect of NCB-02, atorvastatin and placebo on endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 8-week studyDrugs R D, 2008 · PMID 18588355
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyAm J Hypertens, 2007 · PMID 17586404
Chili, but not turmeric, inhibits iron absorption in young women from an iron-fortified composite mealJ Nutr, 2006 · PMID 17116705
Reduction of rise in blood pressure and cortisol release during stress by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in healthy volunteersJ Physiol Pharmacol, 2002 · PMID 12369732
A pilot study to compare fluoxetine, calcium, and placebo in the treatment of premenstrual syndromeJ Clin Psychopharmacol · PMID 23963058
Dietary calcium and manganese effects on menstrual cycle symptomsAm J Obstet Gynecol · PMID 8498421
Calcium in milk products precipitates intestinal fatty acids and secondary bile acids and thus inhibits colonic cytotoxicity in humansCancer Res · PMID 8764120
Faecal steroid excretion in humans is affected by calcium supplementation and shows gender-specific differencesEur J Nutr · PMID 19009227
The effect of calcium supplementation in people under 35 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Elife · PMID 36164828
Calcium supplementation, bone mineral density and bone mineral content. Predictors of bone mass changes in adolescent mothers during the 6-month postpartum periodArch Latinoam Nutr · PMID 23477205
Testosterone levels in athletes at rest and exhaustion: effects of calcium supplementationBiol Trace Elem Res · PMID 19099204
Effect of calcium on premenstrual syndrome: A double-blind randomized clinical trialObstet Gynecol Sci · PMID 28217679
Effects of calcium supplement therapy in women with premenstrual syndromeTaiwan J Obstet Gynecol · PMID 19574172
Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. Premenstrual Syndrome Study GroupAm J Obstet Gynecol · PMID 9731851
Calcium supplementation in premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trialJ Gen Intern Med · PMID 2656936
Calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D supplementations as complementary therapy for hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC Complement Med Ther · PMID 40045266
Calcium supplementation in nulliparous women for the prevention of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia and preterm birth: an Australian randomized trial. FRACOG and the ACT Study GroupAust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol · PMID 10099740
World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant womenAm J Obstet Gynecol · PMID 16522392
Association Between Calcium Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Heart Lung Circ · PMID 37743221
Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problemsCochrane Database Syst Rev · PMID 24960615
Risk factors associated with preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women. The Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention (CPEP) Study GroupAm J Obstet Gynecol · PMID 9396883
Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.Cochrane Database Syst Rev · PMID 35014026
Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes.Cochrane Database Syst Rev · PMID 25922862
Effects of Maternal Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Placental Complications: An Umbrella Review, Meta-Analysis and Evidence MapNutrients · PMID 33573262
Effectiveness of calcium supplementation in the prevention of gestational hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Pregnancy Hypertens · PMID 39608269
Calcium supplementation for people with overweight or obesity.Cochrane Database Syst Rev · PMID 38721870
Efficacy of Vitex agnus castus L. extract Ze 440 in patients with pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)Arch Gynecol Obstet · PMID 11129515
Efficacy and safety of Vitex agnus-castus extract for treatment of premenstrual syndrome in Japanese patients: a prospective, open-label studyAdv Ther · PMID 24604699
Dose-dependent efficacy of the Vitex agnus castus extract Ze 440 in patients suffering from premenstrual syndromePhytomedicine · PMID 23022391
Use of Vitex agnus-castus in migrainous women with premenstrual syndrome: an open-label clinical observationActa Neurol Belg · PMID 22791378
Evaluating therapeutic effect in symptoms of moderate-to-severe premenstrual syndrome with Vitex agnus castus (BNO 1095) in Chinese womenAust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol · PMID 20522079
Therapeutic effect of Vitex agnus castus in patients with premenstrual syndromeActa Med Iran · PMID 22359078
Fluoxetine versus Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorderHum Psychopharmacol · PMID 12672170
Treatment for premenstrual syndrome with Vitex agnus castus: A prospective, randomized, multi-center placebo controlled study in ChinaMaturitas · PMID 19269753
Effects of Vitex agnus and Flaxseed on cyclic mastalgia: A randomized controlled trialComplement Ther Med · PMID 26860808
Efficacy of Curcuma longa in relieving pain symptoms of knee osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.J Rheum Dis · PMID 39712249
Curcuma longa extract reduces inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in osteoarthritis of knee: a four-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trialInflammopharmacology · PMID 27761693
Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyBMC Complement Altern Med · PMID 29316908
Short-term effects of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective studyJ Orthop Sci · PMID 25308211
Safety and efficacy of curcumin versus diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized open-label parallel-arm studyTrials · PMID 30975196
Curcuminoid treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trialPhytother Res · PMID 24853120

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The Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) protocol

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Supplement stack for Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)