Condition

Infertility

Infertility is difficulty conceiving that can stem from sperm, eggs, or both, and both depend on mitochondrial energy that fades with age and oxidative stress. Folic acid has the most support, with moderate evidence that sperm motility improved, while smaller trials found antioxidant enzymes went up in semen with coenzyme Q10 and DNA damage improved with L-carnitine. Those studies were small, and the findings mostly concern men rather than egg quality in women.

Sources: PMID 37539255; PMID 23289958

Supplements studied: 23
Medicines and peptides: 3
Graded outcomes: 35
Trials: 34
People studied: 12,966

Evidence by supplement

Strong
Moderate
Limited
Very limited

23 supplements

Maca

Maca: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Estrogen Small Increase	Worsens (the measure goes up)	Small effect	1 study	76 people
Studies that measured estrogen Beneficial effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on psychological symptoms and measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women are not related to estrogen or androgen contentMenopause · PMID 18784609
	Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)		3 studies	76 people
Studies that measured follicle-stimulating hormone Effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), a root with aphrodisiac and fertility-enhancing properties, on serum reproductive hormone levels in adult healthy menJ Endocrinol · PMID 12525260 Effect of Lepidium meyenii Walp. on Semen Parameters and Serum Hormone Levels in Healthy Adult Men: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot StudyEvid Based Complement Alternat Med · PMID 26421049 Subjective effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) extract on well-being and sexual performances in patients with mild erectile dysfunction: a randomised, double-blind clinical trialAndrologia · PMID 19260845
	Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	135 people
Studies that measured sperm count Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) on semen quality parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Front Pharmacol · PMID 36110519
	Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	76 people
Studies that measured testosterone Effect of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on sexual desire and its absent relationship with serum testosterone levels in adult healthy menAndrologia · PMID 12472620
	Luteinizing Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			76 people
	Prolactin	Improves (the measure goes up)			56 people
	Serum T4	Improves (the measure goes up)			20 people
	Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			20 people
	Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			20 people

Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)

Folic Acid (Vitamin B9): outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Seminal Motility Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes up)	Small effect	1 study	326 people
Studies that measured seminal motility Effects of folic acid and folic acid plus zinc supplements on the sperm characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of infertile men: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · PMID 37539255
	Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)			2,168 people

Saffron

Blood Pressure: improves
Seminal Motility: improves
Hemoglobin: improves

Saffron: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Blood Pressure Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect	3 studies	230 people
Studies that measured blood pressure Protective properties of the aqueous extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in ischemic stroke, randomized clinical trialJ Ethnopharmacol · PMID 30914350 The effects of saffron supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysisFront Nutr · PMID 36570145 An evaluation of the effects of saffron supplementation on the asthma clinical symptoms and asthma severity in patients with mild and moderate persistent allergic asthma: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trialRespir Res · PMID 30795753
	Seminal Motility	Improves (the measure goes up)		2 studies	282 people
Studies that measured seminal motility Effect of saffron on semen parameters of infertile menUrol J · PMID 19101900 A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermiaPhytother Res · PMID 20824894
	Hemoglobin	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	230 people
Studies that measured hemoglobin Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteersPhytomedicine · PMID 18693099
	Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	282 people
Studies that measured sperm count Effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on lipid profile, glycemic indices and antioxidant status among overweight/obese prediabetic individuals: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trialClin Nutr ESPEN · PMID 31677703
	Ejaculate Volume	Improves (the measure goes up)			230 people
	Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			230 people
	Luteinizing Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			230 people
	Prolactin	Improves (the measure goes up)			230 people
	Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			282 people
	Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)			230 people
	White Blood Cell Count	Improves (the measure goes up)			230 people

Inositol

Fertility: improves
Oocyte Quality: improves
Oocyte Quantity: improves

Inositol: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Fertility Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes up)	Small effect	3 studies	184 people
Studies that measured fertility Effects of myo-inositol supplementation on oocyte's quality in PCOS patients: a double blind trialEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · PMID 21744744 Myo-inositol rather than D-chiro-inositol is able to improve oocyte quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. A prospective, controlled, randomized trialEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · PMID 21608442 Pretreatment with myo-inositol in non polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing multiple follicular stimulation for IVF: a pilot studyReprod Biol Endocrinol · PMID 22823904
	Oocyte Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			84 people
	Oocyte Quantity	Improves (the measure goes up)			100 people
	PCOS Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			184 people

Coenzyme Q10

Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile: improves
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: improves
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone: improves

Coenzyme Q10: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile Small Increase	Improves (the measure goes up)	Small effect	2 studies	60 people
Studies that measured anti-oxidant enzyme profile Effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress of seminal plasma: a double-blind randomised clinical trialAndrologia · PMID 23289958 Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and increase antioxidant enzyme activity in patients with coronary artery diseaseNutrition · PMID 21996047
	Oxidative Stress Biomarkers	Improves (the measure goes down)		9 studies	107 people
Studies that measured oxidative stress biomarkers Oxidative stress correlates with headache symptoms in fibromyalgia: coenzyme Q₁₀ effect on clinical improvementPLoS One · PMID 22532869 Coenzyme Q10 supplementation alleviates pain in pregabalin-treated fibromyalgia patients via reducing brain activity and mitochondrial dysfunctionFree Radic Res · PMID 31387429 Reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction by coenzyme Q10 supplement improves endothelial function in patients with ischaemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a randomized controlled trialAtherosclerosis · PMID 21388622 and 6 more on the Coenzyme Q10 page
	Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)		2 studies	212 people
Studies that measured follicle-stimulating hormone Efficacy and Safety of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysisReprod Sci · PMID 35941510 Hormonal and Metabolic Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and/or Vitamin E in Patients With Polycystic Ovary SyndromeJ Clin Endocrinol Metab · PMID 30202998
	Seminal Motility	Improves (the measure goes up)		2 studies
Studies that measured seminal motility Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters, sperm function and reproductive hormones in infertile menJ Urol · PMID 19447425 Coenzyme Q(10) supplementation in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: an open, uncontrolled pilot studyFertil Steril · PMID 14711549
	Luteinizing Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			212 people
	Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)
	Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			341 people
	Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)			212 people

Ashwagandha

Cortisol: improves
Testosterone: improves
Sperm Quality: improves

Ashwagandha: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Cortisol Moderate Decrease	Improves (the measure goes down)	Moderate effect	1 study	60 people
Studies that measured cortisol An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyMedicine · PMID 31517876
	Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)		5 studies	361 people
Studies that measured testosterone Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trialJ Int Soc Sports Nutr · PMID 26609282 Efficacy of Withania somnifera on seminal plasma metabolites of infertile males: a proton NMR study at 800 MHzJ Ethnopharmacol · PMID 23796876 Withania somnifera Improves Semen Quality in Stress-Related Male FertilityEvid Based Complement Alternat Med · PMID 19789214 and 2 more on the Ashwagandha page
	Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	401 people
Studies that measured sperm quality Comparative evaluation of the effects of Withania somnifera with pentoxifylline on the sperm parameters in idiopathic male infertility: A triple-blind randomised clinical trialAndrologia · PMID 29770466
	Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			135 people
	Luteinizing Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			181 people
	Seminal Motility	Improves (the measure goes up)			286 people
	Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)			206 people

Zinc

Seminal Motility: improves
Sperm Count: improves

Zinc: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	Seminal Motility Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes up)	Small effect		2,168 people
	Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)			2,168 people

Vitamin C

Seminal Motility: improves
Sperm Quality: improves

Vitamin C: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Seminal Motility Moderate Improvement	Improves (the measure goes up)	Moderate effect		120 people
	Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	120 people
Studies that measured sperm quality Clinical relevance of vitamin C among lead-exposed infertile menGenet Test Mol Biomarkers · PMID 22731648

Shilajit

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone: improves
Luteinizing Hormone
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: improves

Shilajit: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Small Increase	Improves (the measure goes up)	Small effect		60 people
	Luteinizing Hormone No effect		NoneNo effect		60 people
	Oxidative Stress Biomarkers	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	60 people
Studies that measured oxidative stress biomarkers Clinical evaluation of spermatogenic activity of processed Shilajit in oligospermiaAndrologia · PMID 20078516
	Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			60 people
	Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)			60 people

Cangfu Daotan Decoction

Ovulation Rate: improves
Pregnancy Rate: improves

Cangfu Daotan Decoction: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	Ovulation Rate Meta-analyses of Chinese RCTs: CFDTD + clomiphene improved ovulation rates vs clomiphene alone in PCOS patients. Evidence quality is low due to methodological limitations.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Moderate effect		1,200 people
	Pregnancy Rate Meta-analysis: Higher pregnancy rates when CFDTD added to clomiphene treatment for PCOS-related infertility. Studies have high heterogeneity and risk of bias.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Moderate effect		900 people

Berberine

Blood glucose: improves
Total cholesterol: improves
Body Mass Index (BMI): improves

Berberine: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	Blood glucose Large Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Large effect		1,544 people
	Total cholesterol	Improves (the measure goes down)		3 studies	457 people
Studies that measured total cholesterol Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.Drugs · PMID 36941490 Efficacy and safety of berberine for several cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Phytomedicine · PMID 36805484 The Effect of Berberine on Reproduction and Metabolism in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med · PMID 31915452
	Body Mass Index (BMI)	Improves (the measure goes down)		1 study	487 people
Studies that measured body mass index (bmi) Effects of berberine and barberry on anthropometric measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsComplement Ther Med · PMID 32147051
	Fertility	Improves (the measure goes up)			501 people
	Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			497 people
	Luteinizing Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			577 people
	Sex Hormone Binding Globulin	Improves (the measure goes up)			228 people
	Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)			577 people
	Waist-Hip Ratio	Improves (the measure goes up)			402 people

L-Carnitine

DNA Damage: improves
Sperm Quality: improves
Seminal Motility: improves

L-Carnitine: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
	DNA Damage Small Improvement	Improves (the measure goes down)	Small effect		100 people
	Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)		10 studies
Studies that measured sperm quality l-carnitine and l-acetylcarnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility.Reprod Fertil · PMID 35128424 Cinnoxicam and L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine treatment for idiopathic and varicocele-associated oligoasthenospermiaJ Androl · PMID 15292108 Does L-carnitine therapy add any extra benefit to standard inguinal varicocelectomy in terms of deoxyribonucleic acid damage or sperm quality factor indices: a randomized studyUrology · PMID 25260444 and 7 more on the L-Carnitine page
	Seminal Motility	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study
Studies that measured seminal motility The efficacy of combined l-carnitine and l-acetyl carnitine in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A systematic review and meta-analysisAndrologia · PMID 31701550
	Fertility	Improves (the measure goes up)			338 people
	Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)

Aspartate

Sperm Motility: improves

Aspartate: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	Sperm Motility 2660mg DAA + ubiquinol + zinc improved progressive sperm motility and testosterone (p=0.009) over 3 months	Improves (the measure goes up)	Moderate effect		90 people

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile: improves
Ejaculate Volume: improves
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone: improves

Ginger (Zingiber officinale): outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size	People
Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Profile Small Increase	Improves (the measure goes up)	Small effect	75 people
Ejaculate Volume	Improves (the measure goes up)		75 people
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)		75 people
Luteinizing Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)		75 people
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers	Changes; see studies		75 people
Seminal Motility	Improves (the measure goes up)		75 people
Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)		75 people
Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)		75 people
Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)		75 people

Tribulus Terrestris

Body Fat
Erections: improves
Testosterone: improves

Tribulus Terrestris: outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
Body Fat No effect		NoneNo effect	2 studies	65 people
Erections	Improves (the measure goes up)		4 studies	63 people
Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)		3 studies	93 people
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	65 people
Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	158 people
DHT	Improves (the measure goes up)			65 people
Fatigue Symptoms	Improves (the measure goes down)			63 people
Free Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)			95 people
Libido	Improves (the measure goes up)			63 people
Luteinizing Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			95 people
Muscle Mass	Improves (the measure goes up)			65 people
Prolactin	Improves (the measure goes up)			65 people
Seminal Motility	Improves (the measure goes up)			65 people
Serum DHEA	Improves (the measure goes up)			65 people
Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			93 people

Vitamin D

Seminal Motility
Sperm Count: improves
Testosterone: improves

Vitamin D: outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
Seminal Motility No effect		NoneNo effect
Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study
Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	449 people
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin	Improves (the measure goes up)			449 people
Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)

Vitamin E

Seminal Motility
Sperm Count: improves
Sperm Quality: improves

Vitamin E: outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size
Seminal Motility No effect		NoneNo effect
Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)
Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)

Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Seminal Motility
Sperm Count: improves
Sperm Quality: improves

Alpha-Lipoic Acid: outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
Seminal Motility No effect on sperm motility		NoneNo effect		60 people
Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)		2 studies
Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)

Spirulina

Sperm Count
Sperm Quality: improves

Spirulina: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	Sperm Count No effect		NoneNo effect		49 people
	Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	49 people

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Seminal Motility
Sperm Count: improves
Sperm Quality: improves

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size
Seminal Motility No effect		NoneNo effect
Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)
Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)

Astaxanthin

Ejaculate Volume
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: changes; see studies
Fertility: improves

Astaxanthin: outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People
Ejaculate Volume No effect		NoneNo effect		30 people
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers	Changes; see studies		3 studies	143 people
Fertility	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	30 people
Oocyte Quantity	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	143 people
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	Improves (the measure goes up)			30 people
Inhibin B	Improves (the measure goes up)			30 people
Oocyte Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			143 people
Seminal Motility	Improves (the measure goes up)			30 people
Sperm Count	Improves (the measure goes up)			30 people
Sperm Quality	Improves (the measure goes up)			30 people
Superoxide Dismutase Activity	Improves (the measure goes up)			143 people
Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)			30 people
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)	Improves (the measure goes up)			143 people

DHEA

Fertility: improves

DHEA: outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	Fertility	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	33 people

Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng)

Testosterone: improves

Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng): outcomes studied for Infertility
Grade	Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies	People	Studies list
	Testosterone	Improves (the measure goes up)		1 study	66 people

Prescription medicines and peptides studied, for context

These are not supplements. Most need a prescription, and some are research compounds with no approved use. They are listed so the supplement evidence above can be read against them.

3 medicines and peptides

Cetrorelix (Cetrotide)

LH Surge Prevention: improves
Clinical Pregnancy Rate: improves
OHSS Prevention: changes; see studies

Cetrorelix (Cetrotide): outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies
LH Surge Prevention ~100% prevention of premature LH surge across multiple RCTs. Single 3mg dose or daily 0.25mg both effective. Gold standard for IVF protocols.	Improves (the measure goes down)	Large effect	170 studies
Clinical Pregnancy Rate Phase 2/3 trials: 184 pregnancies from 732 patients (25.1%). Comparable to or better than GnRH agonist protocols.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Moderate effect	167 studies
OHSS Prevention Nearly 100% prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Major safety advantage over GnRH agonist protocols.	Changes; see studies	Large effect	164 studies
Follicle Development Allows controlled ovarian stimulation without interference. Fewer injections required vs ganirelix in flexible protocols.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Moderate effect	164 studies

Kisspeptin-54

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Prevention: improves
Oocyte Maturation (IVF): improves
Egg Maturation Trigger: improves

Kisspeptin-54: outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Prevention Only 7% of kisspeptin-treated women developed mild OHSS, with no moderate, severe, or critical cases - a significant improvement over standard hCG triggers in high-risk patients.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Large effect	16 studies
Oocyte Maturation (IVF) Phase 2 clinical trial showed kisspeptin-54 effectively triggered oocyte maturation in 95% of women at high risk of OHSS, with embryo formation in 90%.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Large effect	15 studies
Egg Maturation Trigger Kisspeptin-54 successfully triggers egg maturation sufficient for fertilization, embryo implantation, and live birth in IVF patients.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Large effect	14 studies
IVF Pregnancy Rate A single injection of kisspeptin-54 resulted in mature eggs successfully fertilized and transferred, with pregnancy achieved in 23% of subfertile patients undergoing IVF.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Moderate effect	14 studies

Ganirelix (Antagon/Orgalutran)

LH Surge Prevention: improves
Pregnancy Rate: improves
OHSS Prevention: changes; see studies

Ganirelix (Antagon/Orgalutran): outcomes studied for Infertility
Outcome	Effect	Size	Studies
LH Surge Prevention Phase III: 0.25mg is minimal effective dose for LH surge prevention. Comparable efficacy to leuprolide and triptorelin protocols.	Improves (the measure goes down)	Large effect	11 studies
Pregnancy Rate Ongoing pregnancy rate 31.0% (ganirelix) vs 33.9% (triptorelin). Implantation rate identical at 22.9%. Comparable to GnRH agonist protocols.	Improves (the measure goes up)	Moderate effect	10 studies
OHSS Prevention 2.4% OHSS incidence vs 5.9% with buserelin. Preferred protocol for high responders and oocyte donors.	Changes; see studies	Moderate effect	9 studies
Treatment Duration 5 days treatment vs 26 days with buserelin. Fewer injections required. Enhanced patient convenience and compliance.	Improves (the measure goes down)	Large effect	9 studies

Key findings

EstrogenMacaWorsens (the measure goes up)
Seminal MotilityFolic Acid (Vitamin B9)Improves (the measure goes up)
Blood PressureSaffronImproves (the measure goes down)

Safety notes in the studies

Studies have high heterogeneity and risk of bias.
Only 7% of kisspeptin-treated women developed mild OHSS, with no moderate, severe, or critical cases - a significant improvement over standard hCG triggers in high-risk patients.
Phase 2 clinical trial showed kisspeptin-54 effectively triggered oocyte maturation in 95% of women at high risk of OHSS, with embryo formation in 90%.

The Infertility (Male & Female) protocol

2 primary supplements · 2 supporting supplements

Coenzyme Q10200–600 mg daily
L-Carnitine2–3 g daily (as L-carnitine or acetyl-L-carnitine)

See the full protocol

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Studies cited

1 study from PubMed

Mediterranean diet and female reproductive health over lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Am J Obstet Gynecol · PMID 37506751