Sodium Bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is an evidence-based ergogenic aid for high-intensity exercise. B-grade evidence for running and aerobic performance via acid buffering. Works by increasing blood buffering capacity, allowing muscles to tolerate more lactic acid. Best for high-intensity efforts lasting 1-7 minutes. MAJOR DRAWBACK: GI distress is common (nausea, cramping, diarrhea) - known as 'bicarb shits' by athletes. Serial loading protocols may reduce GI issues. Also used medically for CKD acidosis.

Quick Answer

What it is

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is an evidence-based ergogenic aid for high-intensity exercise. B-grade evidence for running and aerobic performance via acid buffering.

Key findings

  • Grade B: Anaerobic Capacity (Running Performance)
  • Grade B: Aerobic Exercise Metrics (Aerobic Exercise Performance)
  • Grade C: Glycemic Control

Safety

No specific caution or interaction language was detected in the current summary/outcome notes.

ℹ️ Quick Facts: Sodium Bicarbonate

Quick Facts: Sodium Bicarbonate

  • Best Evidence:Grade A
  • Conditions Studied:19
  • Research Outcomes:132
  • Grade B Findings:2
  • Key Effect:Rowing Performance
Outcomes by grade:
A0
B2
C13
D4
19 conditions Β· 132 outcomes

Detailed Outcomes

Grade:
Effect:
Size:
Sort:
|
B
Anaerobic Capacity
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Power Output
↑Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
1 study
↑Improves
?
Training Volume
↑Improves
B
Aerobic Exercise Metrics
Small Improvement
3 studies
small↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Oxygen Uptake
5 studies
↑Improves
?
Fat Oxidation
↑Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study
↓Improves
?
Power Output
↑Improves
?
Rating of Perceived Exertion
↑Improves
C
Anaerobic Capacity
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Power Output
↑Improves
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Rating of Perceived Exertion
↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study
↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study
↓Improves
?
Hydration (Total Body Water)
1 study
↑Improves
?
Muscle Oxygenation
1 study
↑Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
1 study
↑Improves
?
Training Volume
↑Improves
C
Anaerobic Capacity
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Glycemic Control
↑Improves
?
Insulin
↑Worsens
?
Ketone Bodies
2 studies
↑Improves
?
Blood glucose
1 study
↓Improves
?
Fat Oxidation
↑Improves
?
Metabolic Rate
1 study
↑Improves
?
Training Volume
↑Improves
?
Weight
1 study
↓Improves
C
Aerobic Exercise Metrics
Small Improvement
1 study
small↑Improves
D
Adrenaline
No effect
1 study
none
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Power Output
↑Improves
?
Anaerobic Capacity
↑Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
4 studies
↑Improves
?
Rating of Perceived Exertion
↑Improves
?
Heart Rate
3 studies
↓Improves
?
Training Volume
↑Improves
?
Fat Oxidation
↑Improves
?
Neuromuscular Function
↑Improves
C
Anaerobic Capacity
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Power Output
↑Improves
?
Oxygen Uptake
5 studies
↑Improves
?
Peak power output (PPO)
3 studies
↑Improves
C
Anaerobic Capacity
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Muscular Endurance
↑Improves
?
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
11 studies
↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Training Volume
↑Improves
?
Power Output
↑Improves
C
Aerobic Exercise Metrics
Small Improvement
1 study
small↑Improves
?
Anaerobic Capacity
↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Power Output
↑Improves
C
Glycemic Control
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Lipid Absorption
↑Improves
C
Blood Acidity
Moderate Decrease
moderate↓Improves
?
Ketone Bodies
1 study
↑Improves
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Weight
1 study
↓Improves
C
Blood Acidity
Moderate Decrease
moderate↓Improves
?
Heart Rate
1 study
↓Improves
?
Neuromuscular Function
↑Improves
?
Rating of Perceived Exertion
↑Improves
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
C
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
Small Decrease
small↓Improves
?
Judo Performance Metrics
1 study
↑Improves
?
Power Output
↑Improves
?
Rating of Perceived Exertion
↑Improves
?
Training Volume
↑Improves
C
Blood Acidity
Moderate Decrease
moderate↓Improves
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
C
Anaerobic Capacity
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Power Output
↑Improves
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
C
Anaerobic Capacity
Small Improvement
small↑Improves
?
Muscular Endurance
↑Improves
?
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
11 studies
↑Improves
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Training Volume
↑Improves
?
Power Output
↑Improves
D
Adrenaline
No effect
1 study
none
?
Blood Acidity
↑Worsens
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Blood Lactate (Exercise)
↑Worsens
?
Anaerobic Capacity
↑Improves
?
Training Volume
↑Improves
?
Power Output
↑Improves
?
Ammonia
2 studies
↑Worsens
?
Oxygen Uptake
2 studies
↑Improves
?
Noradrenaline
1 study
↑Improves
?
Plasma Endorphins
1 study
↑Improves
?
Rating of Perceived Exertion
↑Improves
D
Blood Pressure
No effect
1 study
none
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Kidney Function
↑Improves
?
Leg Edema
7 studies
↑Worsens
?
Heart Failure Risk
2 studies
↑Worsens
?
Net Acid Excretion
↑Improves
?
Plasma Total Carbon Dioxide
1 study
↑Improves
D
Blood Pressure
No effect
1 study
none
?
Serum Bicarbonate
↑Improves
?
Kidney Function
↑Improves
?
Leg Edema
7 studies
↑Worsens
?
Heart Failure Risk
2 studies
↑Worsens
?
Teeth Whitening
↑Improves
?
Glycemic Control
↑Improves
?
Neuromuscular Function
↑Improves

Evidence by Condition

Best grade per condition (each condition may have multiple outcomes)

ARowing Performance
2
↑Anaerobic CapacityImproves↑Blood Lactate (Exercise)Worsens↑Power OutputImproves
BRunning Performance
1
↑Anaerobic CapacityImproves↑Serum BicarbonateImproves↑Blood AcidityWorsens
BAerobic Exercise Performance
1
↑Aerobic Exercise MetricsImproves↑Blood AcidityWorsens↑Serum BicarbonateImproves
CCycling Performance
2
↑Aerobic Exercise MetricsImprovesAdrenaline↑Blood AcidityWorsens
CMetabolic Health
1
↑Anaerobic CapacityImproves↑Blood AcidityWorsens↑Serum BicarbonateImproves
CAnaerobic Exercise Performance
1
↑Anaerobic CapacityImproves↑Blood AcidityWorsens↑Serum BicarbonateImproves
CSwimming Performance
1
↑Aerobic Exercise MetricsImproves↑Anaerobic CapacityImproves↑Blood AcidityWorsens
CObesity
1
↓Blood AcidityImproves↑Ketone BodiesImproves↑Serum BicarbonateImproves
CBoxing Performance
1
↓Blood AcidityImproves↓Heart RateImproves↑Neuromuscular FunctionImproves
CMartial Arts Performance
1
↓Blood Lactate (Exercise)Improves↑Judo Performance MetricsImproves↑Power OutputImproves
CMuscle Recovery
1
↓Blood AcidityImproves↑Serum BicarbonateImproves
CRugby Performance
1
↑Anaerobic CapacityImproves↑Blood AcidityWorsens↑Blood Lactate (Exercise)Worsens
CMuscle Size & Strength
1
↑Anaerobic CapacityImproves↑Muscular EnduranceImproves↑Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)Improves
DGeneral Athletic Performance
1
Adrenaline↑Blood AcidityWorsens↑Serum BicarbonateImproves
DChronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
1
Blood Pressure↑Serum BicarbonateImproves↑Kidney FunctionImproves
DEnd-Stage Renal Disease
1
Blood Pressure↑Serum BicarbonateImproves↑Kidney FunctionImproves

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