Immune Function

Research on immune system health, T-cell activity, and immunomodulatory effects.

Quick Answer

What it is

Research on immune system health, T-cell activity, and immunomodulatory effects.

Key findings

  • Grade B: Antimicrobial Activity (LL-37)
  • Grade B: T-Cell Count (Thymosin Alpha-1)
  • Grade B: CD4/CD8 Ratio (Thymosin Alpha-1)

Safety

No specific caution or interaction language was detected in the current summary/outcome notes.

ℹ️ Quick Facts

Quick Facts: Immune Function

  • Supplements Studied:7
  • Top Supplement:Copper (B)
7 supps · 14 outcomes

Detailed Outcomes

Grade:
Effect:
Size:
Sort:
|
B
Antimicrobial Activity
Effective against 38+ bacteria, 16 fungi, 16 viruses
12 studies
largeImproves
B
Biofilm Eradication
>4 log reduction in S. aureus biofilms
6 studies
largeImproves
C
Immune Cell Activation
Activates NK cells, dendritic cells, B cells
5 studies
moderateImproves
C
MRSA Killing
Effective at nanomolar concentrations
4 studies
largeImproves
B
T-Cell Count
Moderate Increase
12 studies
moderateImproves
B
CD4/CD8 Ratio
Moderate Improvement
8 studies
moderateImproves
C
NK Cell Activity
Moderate Increase
5 studies
moderateImproves
B
Neutrophil Function
Moderate Increase
5 studies
moderateImproves
C
Immune Cell Counts
Small Increase
4 studies
smallImproves
C
Inflammatory Markers
Reduced inflammatory cytokines
3 studies
moderateImproves
C
T Cell Function
Expanded naive-like CD8+ cells and increased fatty acid oxidation capacity
1 study
moderateImproves
D
T-Cell Activity
Small increase in T-cell function
2 studies
smallImproves
D
Thymus Function
Preliminary thymus support observed
1 study
smallImproves

Research Citations (100)

Overview of Epitalon-Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties
(2025)
PMID: 40141333
The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.
(2025)
PMID: 40493162
LL-37 Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Alleviating Inflammatory Response and Epithelial Cell Oxidative Injury via ZBP1-Mediated Autophagy.
(2025)
PMID: 40559884
Human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
(2025)
PMID: 40690262
Significance of the LL-37 Peptide Delivered from Human Cathelicidin in the Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Sepsis.
(2025)
PMID: 40960088
Cathelicidin regulates goblet cell mucus secretion and mucus-associated proteins in Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis.
(2025)
PMID: 40735968
Cathelicidin LL-37 in periodontitis: current research advances and future prospects - A review.
(2025)
PMID: 39954662
Thymosin alpha 1 alleviates inflammation and prevents infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis through immune regulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
(2025)
PMID: 40599771
The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.
(2025)
PMID: 39814420
The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha-1 combined with lenvatinib plus sintilimab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study.
(2025)
PMID: 40263352

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