Copper
Copper is an essential trace mineral required for numerous enzymatic reactions in the body. It serves as a cofactor for superoxide dismutase (antioxidant defense), cytochrome c oxidase (energy production), lysyl oxidase (collagen/elastin cross-linking), ceruloplasmin (iron metabolism), and dopamine β-hydroxylase (neurotransmitter synthesis). Meta-analysis evidence shows copper supplementation can improve antioxidant status and reduce oxidative stress markers. Clinical trials demonstrate benefits for wound healing, bone density in deficient populations, and immune function. The RDA is 0.9mg/day for adults. Deficiency is rare but can occur with high zinc intake, malabsorption syndromes, or gastric bypass surgery. Excess copper (>10mg/day) is associated with gastrointestinal distress and potential liver toxicity.
Quick Answer
What it is
Copper is an essential trace mineral required for numerous enzymatic reactions in the body. It serves as a cofactor for superoxide dismutase (antioxidant defense), cytochrome c oxidase (energy production), lysyl oxidase (collagen/elastin cross-linking), ceruloplasmin (iron metabolism), and dopamine β-hydroxylase (neurotransmitter synthesis).
Key findings
- Grade A: Serum Copper Levels (Copper Deficiency)
- Grade A: Ceruloplasmin Levels (Copper Deficiency)
- Grade B: SOD Activity (Antioxidant Status)
Safety
- Excess copper (>10mg/day) is associated with gastrointestinal distress and potential liver toxicity.
âšī¸ Quick Facts: Copper
Quick Facts: Copper
- Best Evidence:Grade A
- Conditions Studied:9
- Research Outcomes:16
- Grade A Findings:2
- Grade B Findings:8
- Key Effect:Copper Deficiency
Detailed Outcomes
Evidence by Condition
Best grade per condition (each condition may have multiple outcomes)
Research Citations (10)
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