Condition
Iron Metabolism
Iron metabolism is how the body absorbs, stores, transports and recycles iron, which it needs to make hemoglobin, the red blood cell protein that carries oxygen. Copper has the clearest support among supplements, and trials found hemoglobin levels went up, with moderate evidence. That finding comes from about 250 participants, so it is a useful signal rather than the final word.
- Updated
- How we grade
- 10 studies cited
- Supplements studied
- 1
- Graded outcomes
- 2
Evidence by supplement
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin Levels Moderate Increase | Improves (the measure goes up) | Moderate effect | 250 people | |||
| Serum Iron Moderate Increase | Improves (the measure goes up) | Moderate effect | 200 people |
Key findings
- Hemoglobin LevelsImproves (the measure goes up)
- Serum IronImproves (the measure goes up)
Shop the evidence-backed picks
The supplement graded A or B for Iron Metabolism. Each opens third-party tested products for that supplement.
- Grade B
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Studies cited
10 studies from PubMed
- Copper and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
- The Role of Copper in Bone Health: A Review
- Dietary Copper and Health: A Review of Evidence
- Copper and Angiogenesis: Implications for Wound Healing
- Copper in Human Health: A Review of Essentiality and Toxicity
- Copper and Immunity: A Comprehensive Review
- Copper and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Evidence and Mechanisms
- Copper Status Assessment: Methods and Clinical Applications
- Copper Deficiency: Causes and Clinical Manifestations
- Recommended Dietary Allowances for Copper: Evidence Review