Condition
Liver Cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer, usually starting in a liver already damaged by long-term disease such as hepatitis or cirrhosis. Among supplements, vitamin K has the clearest research, and studies found cancer deaths were lower, with the evidence rated moderate. Those studies were small, and they looked at cancer mortality only, so they say little about other outcomes.
- Supplements studied
- 2
- Graded outcomes
- 1
- Trials
- 3
- People studied
- 2,155
Evidence by supplement
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer Mortality Small Improvement | Improves (the measure goes down) | Small effect | 1,980 people | |||
| Liver Cancer Risk | Changes; see studies | 3 studies | 1,980 people | |||
Studies that measured liver cancer risk
| ||||||
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer Metastasis | Improves (the measure goes up) | 1 study | 13 people | |||
Key findings
- Cancer MortalityImproves (the measure goes down)
The Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) Supportive Care protocol
2 primary supplements · 6 supporting supplements
- Vitamin D2,000–4,000 IU daily (may need higher doses in cirrhosis; monitor levels)
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids2–3 g EPA+DHA daily
Studies cited
100 studies from PubMed
- The Effects of Combined Scutellaria and Saffron Supplementation on Mood Regulation in Participants with Mild-to-Moderate Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
- Effects of saffron on sleep quality in healthy adults with self-reported poor sleep: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- affron ® a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Preventive effects of 10-day supplementation with saffron and indomethacin on the delayed-onset muscle soreness
- Protective properties of the aqueous extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in ischemic stroke, randomized clinical trial
- Immunomodulatory effects of saffron: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Effects of saffron on homocysteine, and antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
- Saffron and crocin improved appetite, dietary intakes and body composition in patients with coronary artery disease
- The effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) hydroalcoholic extract on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A triple-blinded randomized clinical trial
- Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women
- Functional effect of Saffron supplementation and risk genotypes in early age-related macular degeneration: a preliminary report
- Saffron therapy for the treatment of mild/moderate age-related macular degeneration: a randomised clinical trial
- Short-term Outcomes of Saffron Supplementation in Patients with Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Trial
- Crocus sativus L. versus Citalopram in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Anxious Distress: A Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
- The effects of alcoholic extract of saffron (Crocus satious L.) on mild to moderate comorbid depression-anxiety, sleep quality, and life satisfaction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial
- A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of anxiety and depression
- Effect of Saffron Versus Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Treatment of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Effect of saffron supplementation on symptoms of depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on depression and food craving among overweight women with mild to moderate depression
- Saffron for treatment of fluoxetine-induced sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
- Crocus Sativus L. (saffron) versus sertraline on symptoms of depression among older people with major depressive disorders-a double-blind, randomized intervention study
- Saffron improved depression and reduced homocysteine level in patients with major depression: A Randomized, double-blind study
- Crocus sativus L. (petal) in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial
- A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. with fluoxetine for improving mild to moderate depression in post percutaneous coronary intervention patients
- Comparison of petal of Crocus sativus L. and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: a pilot double-blind randomized trial
- Efficacy of Crocus sativus (saffron) in treatment of major depressive disorder associated with post-menopausal hot flashes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
- Efficacy of a standardised saffron extract (affron®) as an add-on to antidepressant medication for the treatment of persistent depressive symptoms in adults: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
- Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial
- Comparison of Crocus sativus L. and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a pilot double-blind randomized trial ISRCTN45683816
- Crocus sativus L. in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial
- Study the effects of saffron on depression and lipid profiles: A double blind comparative study
- Saffron in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a 16-week, randomized and placebo-controlled trial
- Comparing the efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. with memantine in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease: a double-blind randomized clinical trial
- A 22-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease
- Effects of Crocus sativus on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- The effect of hydroalcoholic Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver, and renal function tests in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
- Effects of Cinnamon, Cardamom, Saffron, and Ginger Consumption on Markers of Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
- Effects Of Saffron Supplementation On Inflammation And Metabolic Responses In Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and crocin in the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- The effect of saffron supplementation on liver and kidney function, blood glucose and pressure in patients with diabetes and prediabetes: A grade assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial
- Effects of a Topical Saffron (Crocus sativus L) Gel on Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetics: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- Effect of saffron on fluoxetine-induced sexual impairment in men: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on saffron (Crocus sativus) effectiveness and safety on erectile dysfunction and semen parameters.
- Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on male erectile dysfunction: a pilot study
- Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteers
- The effects of saffron supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
- Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on coagulation and anticoagulation systems in healthy volunteers
- Effect of Saffron (Fan Hong Hua) On the Readiness of The Uterine Cervix In Term Pregnancy: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial
- affron ®, a standardised extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for the treatment of youth anxiety and depressive symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
- Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices in overweight and obese patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on lipid profile, glycemic indices and antioxidant status among overweight/obese prediabetic individuals: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial
- Response to a urate-lowering diet according to polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV cluster
- Safety evaluation of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract and crocin in patients with schizophrenia
- Stepped approach to improving sexual function after gynaecological cancer: the SAFFRON feasibility RCT
- The effect of saffron supplement on clinical outcomes and metabolic profiles in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Effect of saffron on semen parameters of infertile men
- A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) on semen parameters and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia
- An evaluation of the effect of saffron supplementation on the antibody titer to heat-shock protein (HSP) 70, hsCRP and spirometry test in patients with mild and moderate persistent allergic asthma: A triple-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial
- An evaluation of the effects of saffron supplementation on the asthma clinical symptoms and asthma severity in patients with mild and moderate persistent allergic asthma: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial
- Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Crocus sativus on Serum Cytokine Levels in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Trial
- Saffron supplements modulate serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Saffron ( Crocus sativus) versus duloxetine for treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
- Effects of Saffron on Cognition, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Crocus sativus L. in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: One Year Single-Blind Randomized, with Parallel Groups, Clinical Trial
- Psychological and neuroendocrinological effects of odor of saffron (Crocus sativus)
- Crocus sativus L. (saffron) in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled trial
- Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) on sexual dysfunction among men and women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Crocus sativus L. Versus Methylphenidate in Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Study
- The effect of saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on blood pressure, and renal and liver function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial
- The effect of saffron on weight and lipid profile: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response of randomized clinical trials
- Antioxidant property of Saffron in man
- An open label, randomized, fixed-dose, crossover study comparing efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate and saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) for treating erectile dysfunction in men naïve to treatment
- Influence of saffron supplementation on retinal flicker sensitivity in early age-related macular degeneration
- Effect of saffron on liver metastases in patients suffering from cancers with liver metastases: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Effect of saffron supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Does saffron have antisolar and moisturizing effects?
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) in mothers suffering from mild-to-moderate postpartum depression
- Comparison of Saffron versus Fluoxetine in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Postpartum Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
- Effect of vitamin K on bone mineral density: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- A longitudinal study of the effect of vitamin K2 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women a comparative study with vitamin D3 and estrogen-progestin therapy
- Factors affecting bone loss in female endurance athletes: a two-year follow-up study
- Vitamin K2 supplementation improves hip bone geometry and bone strength indices in postmenopausal women
- Low-dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation for 12 months improves bone metabolism and prevents forearm bone loss in postmenopausal Japanese women
- Vitamin K treatment reduces undercarboxylated osteocalcin but does not alter bone turnover, density, or geometry in healthy postmenopausal North American women
- Effect of vitamin K supplementation on bone loss in elderly men and women
- Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women
- Vitamin K, circulating cytokines, and bone mineral density in older men and women
- Effect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K(2) and vitamin D(3) on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal women
- Randomized pilot trial of vitamin K2 for bone loss in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
- Effect of vitamin K on bone mineral density and fractures in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
- Effect of Vitamin K on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- The Efficacy of Vitamin K, A Member Of Naphthoquinones in the Treatment of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Effect of menatetrenone, a vitamin k2 analog, on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection: a prospective randomized controlled trial
- The effect of menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 analog, on disease recurrence and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: a pilot study
- Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) effectively prevents fractures and sustains lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis
- Effects of vitamin K supplementation on bone mineral density at different sites and bone metabolism in the middle-aged and elderly population.
- Dietary vitamin K2 supplement improves bone status after lung and heart transplantation
- Vitamin K2 treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Indonesia
- Vitamin K2 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss partly by preventing the reduction of osteoprotegerin (OPG)