Condition
Wheelchair Athletic Performance
Wheelchair athletics covers sports such as racing, basketball, tennis and rugby, where performance leans mainly on upper body strength and cardiovascular conditioning. Caffeine and whey protein have the strongest backing in the supplement literature for athletes like these, with creatine also looked at for upper body power. Little research on any of them in wheelchair athletes has been reviewed here so far, so it's too early to say what trials found for this group.
- Supplements studied
- 1
- Graded outcomes
- 0
- Trials
- 1
- People studied
- 6
Evidence by supplement
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaerobic Capacity | Improves (the measure goes up) | 11 studies | 6 people | |||
The Wheelchair Athletic Performance Enhancement protocol
2 primary supplements · 3 supporting supplements
- Creatine Monohydrate3–5 g daily
- Caffeine3–6 mg/kg body weight 30–60 minutes before competition
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Studies cited
100 studies from PubMed
- Does creatine supplementation improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in healthy and diabetic patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Role of creatine supplementation on exercise-induced cardiovascular function and oxidative stress
- Three weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation affects dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio in college-aged rugby players
- Does creatine supplementation improve the plasma lipid profile in healthy male subjects undergoing aerobic training
- Effects of creatine supplementation on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in sedentary healthy males undergoing aerobic training
- Creatine supplementation increases glycogen storage but not GLUT-4 expression in human skeletal muscle
- Creatine supplementation affects glucose homeostasis but not insulin secretion in humans
- Creatine supplementation and health variables: a retrospective study
- Effect of oral creatine supplementation on human muscle GLUT4 protein content after immobilization
- Role of submaximal exercise in promoting creatine and glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscle
- Effect of creatine monohydrate in improving cellular energetics and muscle strength in ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled 31P MRS study
- Creatine for treating muscle disorders.
- Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow
- Creatine, arginine alpha-ketoglutarate, amino acids, and medium-chain triglycerides and endurance and performance
- The effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with heavy resistance training on body composition, muscle performance, and serum and muscle creatine levels
- Effect of in-season creatine supplementation on body composition and performance in rugby union football players
- Creatine fails to augment the benefits from resistance training in patients with HIV infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
- Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians
- Effects of creatine supplementation in taekwondo practitioners
- Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older women
- The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptations
- Effects of creatine on body composition and strength gains after 4 weeks of resistance training in previously nonresistance-trained humans
- Creatine monohydrate supplementation on body weight and percent body fat
- Reliability and detecting change following short-term creatine supplementation: comparison of two-component body composition methods
- Low-dose creatine supplementation enhances fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gain
- Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Older Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- The Paradoxical Effect of Creatine Monohydrate on Muscle Damage Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Creatine supplementation and physical training in patients with COPD: a double blind, placebo-controlled study
- Creatine monohydrate increases strength in patients with neuromuscular disease
- Effect of creatine ingestion after exercise on muscle thickness in males and females
- Does nutritional supplementation influence adaptability of muscle to resistance training in men aged 48 to 72 years
- Effects of four weeks of high-intensity interval training and creatine supplementation on critical power and anaerobic working capacity in college-aged men
- Effect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletes
- Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on neuromuscular function
- The effects of polyethylene glycosylated creatine supplementation on muscular strength and power
- Effect of thirty days of creatine supplementation with phosphate salts on anaerobic working capacity and body weight in men
- The effects of supplementation with creatine and protein on muscle strength following a traditional resistance training program in middle-aged and older men
- The effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strength
- Effect of different frequencies of creatine supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adults
- Effects of creatine monohydrate and polyethylene glycosylated creatine supplementation on muscular strength, endurance, and power output
- The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to short-term resistance training overreaching
- Creatine as a metabolic controller of skeletal muscles structure and function in strength exercises in humans
- Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on body composition and strength indices in experienced resistance trained women
- Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on serum myostatin and GASP-1
- Effects of two and five days of creatine loading on muscular strength and anaerobic power in trained athletes
- Effects of high dose oral creatine supplementation on anaerobic capacity of elite wrestlers
- The effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized controlled trial
- Effect of caffeine ingestion after creatine supplementation on intermittent high-intensity sprint performance
- Effects of creatine supplementation and three days of resistance training on muscle strength, power output, and neuromuscular function
- Mg2+-creatine chelate and a low-dose creatine supplementation regimen improve exercise performance
- Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loading
- Skeletal muscle total creatine content and creatine transporter gene expression in vegetarians prior to and following creatine supplementation
- Muscle glycogen supercompensation is enhanced by prior creatine supplementation
- Effect of creatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle in swimmers
- Parallel increases in phosphocreatine and total creatine in human vastus lateralis muscle during creatine supplementation
- Creatine supplementation reduces muscle inosine monophosphate during endurance exercise in humans
- Effects of creatine loading and prolonged creatine supplementation on body composition, fuel selection, sprint and endurance performance in humans
- Effects of creatine supplementation on aerobic power and cardiovascular structure and function
- Effect of two and five days of creatine loading on anaerobic working capacity in women
- Effect of creatine phosphate supplementation on anaerobic working capacity and body weight after two and six days of loading in men and women
- Effects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold in cycle ergometry in college-age men
- Effects of creatine loading on electromyographic fatigue threshold during cycle ergometry in college-aged women
- Effect of low-dose, short-duration creatine supplementation on anaerobic exercise performance
- Short-term creatine supplementation does not improve muscle activation or sprint performance in humans
- Creatine supplementation: effects on urinary excretion and anaerobic performance
- Effects of creatine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue threshold and muscle strength in elderly men and women (64 - 86 years)
- The effect and safety of short-term creatine supplementation on performance of push-ups
- Effects of creatine loading on muscular strength and endurance of female softball players
- The effect of creatine supplementation on muscle fatigue and physiological indices following intermittent swimming bouts
- Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training
- Creatine supplementation does not enhance submaximal aerobic training adaptations in healthy young men and women
- Effect of creatine supplementation and resistance-exercise training on muscle insulin-like growth factor in young adults
- Increased IGF mRNA in human skeletal muscle after creatine supplementation
- Effect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and endurance
- Creatine supplementation enhances muscle force recovery after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals
- The effect of short-term creatine loading on active range of movement
- Acute creatine loading enhances human growth hormone secretion
- Creatine Supplementation and Lower Limb Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
- Creatine Supplementation and Upper Limb Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- The Effects of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Regional Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
- The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Resistance Training-Based Changes to Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training on Muscle Strength Gains in Adults <50 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Upper- and Lower-Body Strength and Power: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Effects of creatine supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers after repeated-sprint exercise in humans
- The effect of creatine supplementation upon inflammatory and muscle soreness markers after a 30km race
- Creatine supplementation and performance in 6 consecutive 60 meter sprints
- The effects of creatine loading and gender on anaerobic running capacity
- The effects of acute creatine supplementation on multiple sprint cycling and running performance in rugby players
- Creatine supplementation and multiple sprint running performance
- The effects of creatine loading on thermoregulation and intermittent sprint exercise performance in a hot humid environment
- Creatine supplementation does not improve sprint performance in competitive swimmers
- Ergolytic/ergogenic effects of creatine on aerobic power
- Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Randomized controlled trial of dietary creatine as an adjunct therapy to physical training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Creatine supplementation for patients with COPD receiving pulmonary rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol
- Creatine supplementation, sleep deprivation, cortisol, melatonin and behavior
- The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation