Condition
Chronic Liver Disease
Chronic liver disease is long-lasting liver damage, where inflammation and scarring gradually interfere with filtering blood and making bile. S-adenosylmethionine has the most research behind it, but a review found no clear difference in bilirubin, while liver cell content went up with TUDCA in one small study. That study involved only five people, so the evidence overall is limited.
Sources: PMID 25774783; PMID 8541578
- Supplements studied
- 4
- Graded outcomes
- 4
- Trials
- 1
- People studied
- 7,066
Evidence by supplement
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liver Cell Content Small Increase | Improves (the measure goes up) | Small effect | 1 study | 5 people | ||
Studies that measured liver cell content | ||||||
| Liver Enzymes | Changes; see studies | 4 studies | 5 people | |||
Studies that measured liver enzymes
| ||||||
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-Cause Mortality No effect | NoneNo effect | 1 study | 4,084 people | |||
Studies that measured all-cause mortality | ||||||
| Insulin | Changes; see studies | 3 studies | 4,084 people | |||
Studies that measured insulin
| ||||||
| Insulin Resistance | Improves (the measure goes down) | 1 study | 4,084 people | |||
Studies that measured insulin resistance | ||||||
| Liver Enzymes | Changes; see studies | 1 study | 4,084 people | |||
Studies that measured liver enzymes | ||||||
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) | Improves (the measure goes up) | 4,084 people | ||||
| Liver Fat | Improves (the measure goes down) | 4,084 people | ||||
| Liver Fibrosis | Improves (the measure goes down) | 4,084 people | ||||
| Triglycerides | Improves (the measure goes down) | 4,084 people | ||||
S-adenosylmethionine
- Bilirubin
- Depression Symptoms: improves
- Osteoarthritis Symptoms: improves
Resveratrol
- Bilirubin
- Liver Enzymes: changes; see studies
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilirubin No effect | NoneNo effect | 208 people | ||||
| Liver Enzymes | Changes; see studies | 2 studies | 714 people | |||
Studies that measured liver enzymes | ||||||
Key findings
- Liver Cell ContentImproves (the measure goes up)
- All-Cause Mortality
- Bilirubin
The Chronic Liver Disease protocol
2 primary supplements · 4 supporting supplements
- Silymarin (Milk Thistle)420 mg daily (standardized to 70–80% silymarin)
- S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe)1,200 mg daily in divided doses
Studies cited
100 studies from PubMed
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation for major adverse cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis based on randomised controlled trials.
- Resveratrol: A Potential Therapeutic Natural Polyphenol for Neurodegenerative Diseases Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction
- Resveratrol: An Overview of Clinical Trials in Human Cancer Prevention and Treatment
- Resveratrol and Its Analogs: Potent Agents to Reverse Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Tumors
- Resveratrol and Sirtuins: A Story of Living Long Healthy Life
- Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of the Evidence
- Resveratrol as a Chemopreventive Agent: A Promising Molecule for Fighting Cancer
- Resveratrol and Health - A Comprehensive Review of Human Clinical Trials
- Resveratrol: A Double-Edged Sword in Health Benefits
- Resveratrol and Caloric Restriction: The Role of Sirtuins in Aging and Age-Related Diseases
- The Multitarget Activity of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Parkinson's Disease: Role of Resveratrol
- Resveratrol: A New Treatment for Diseases Associated with Oxidative Stress
- Resveratrol-Based Compounds and Neurodegeneration: Recent Insight in Multitarget Neuroprotection
- An Overview of the Anticancer Properties of Resveratrol
- Optimal Vitamin D Status: Evidence and Guidelines
- Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention: A Comprehensive Review
- An Update on Resveratrol and Diabetes: From Metabolism to Clinical Trial Results
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Vitamin D and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Vitamin D and Immune Function: A Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
- Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy: Safety and Efficacy Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation: A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy for Various Health Outcomes
- Vitamin D Deficiency: Global Health Perspective
- Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Evidence
- Vitamin D and Bone Health in Adults: A Systematic Review
- Vitamin D3 supplementation does not modify cardiovascular risk profile of adults with inadequate vitamin D status
- Resveratrol Blunts the Positive Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Health in Aged Men
- Association of A1C levels with vitamin D status in U.S. adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Cardioprotection by resveratrol: A human clinical trial in patients with stable coronary artery disease
- The effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Evidence-based nutritional and pharmacological interventions targeting chronic low-grade inflammation in middle-age and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Can resveratrol supplement change inflammatory mediators? A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.
- Resveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Trans-resveratrol alters mammary promoter hypermethylation in women at increased risk for breast cancer
- Effects of resveratrol on cerebral blood flow variables and cognitive performance in humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation
- Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients
- The efficacy of resveratrol supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: randomized double-blind placebo meta-analysis.
- Pilot Study of Resveratrol in Older Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
- Effect of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials.
- Resveratrol supplementation and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Influence of Age and Dose on the Effect of Resveratrol for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Resveratrol treatment as an adjunct to pharmacological management in type 2 diabetes mellitus--systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Effects of Resveratrol on Metabolic Indicators in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Efficacy of resveratrol supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
- The effects of resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
- Effect of Resveratrol on Blood Lipid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Fine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular health
- The effects of resveratrol supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Resveratrol supplementation significantly influences obesity measures: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Resveratrol may mildly improve renal function in the general adult population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
- Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans
- Effects of resveratrol supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
- The Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
- Resveratrol supplementation does not augment performance adaptations or fibre-type-specific responses to high-intensity interval training in humans
- Resveratrol-containing gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a single-blind, vehicle-controlled, pilot study
- Efficacy of Resveratrol Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
- Efficacy of resveratrol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
- Effects of resveratrol on polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- The effect of dietary (poly)phenols on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention trials
- Efficacy of resveratrol supplementation on liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Efficacy and safety of biophenol-rich nutraceuticals in adults with inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases or irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
- Effects of resveratrol supplementation on renal function in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
- Oral resveratrol in adults with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial (ARTHROL).
- Effects of Nasal Solution Incorporating Resveratrol and Carboxymethyl-Β-Glucan in Preschool Non-Atopic Children with Wheezing.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
- Influence of oral S-adenosylmethionine on plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, S-adenosylhomocysteine, homocysteine and methionine in healthy humans
- Dietary supplement S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) effects on plasma homocysteine levels in healthy human subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
- Bioavailability and lack of toxicity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in humans
- S-Adenosyl-Methionine improves depression in patients with Parkinson's disease in an open-label clinical trial
- Safety and efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for osteoarthritis
- Comparative clinical trial of S-adenosylmethionine versus nabumetone for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an 8-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, Phase IV study in Korean patients
- Italian double-blind multicenter study comparing S-adenosylmethionine, naproxen, and placebo in the treatment of degenerative joint disease
- S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versus celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms: a double-blind cross-over trial. [ISRCTN36233495]
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine for treatment of depression, osteoarthritis, and liver disease.
- S-Adenosylmethionine for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip.
- Oral S-adenosylmethionine in primary fibromyalgia. Double-blind clinical evaluation
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine treatment for alcoholic liver disease: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
- Randomized prospective comparative study of ursodeoxycholic acid and S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
- Pharmacological interventions for treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
- S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for antidepressant nonresponders with major depressive disorder: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
- S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versus escitalopram and placebo in major depression RCT: efficacy and effects of histamine and carnitine as moderators of response
- S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) for depression in adults
- S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as an adjuvant therapy for patients with depression: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Efficacy and acceptability of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) for depressed patients: A systematic review and meta- analysis.
- Effects of S-adenosylmethionine augmentation of serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants on cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder
- S-adenosyl methionine improves early viral responses and interferon-stimulated gene induction in hepatitis C nonresponders
- S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) supplementation for treatment of chemotherapy-induced liver injury
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine for the treatment of chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Does tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) treatment increase hepatocyte proliferation in patients with chronic liver disease
- Tauroursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of HCV-related chronic hepatitis: a multicenter placebo-controlled study
- Differences in the metabolism and disposition of ursodeoxycholic acid and of its taurine-conjugated species in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
- Tauroursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. A dose-response study.
- Ursodeoxycholic and tauro-ursodeoxycholic acids for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis: a pilot crossover study.
- A multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial comparing the efficacy and safety of TUDCA and UDCA in Chinese patients with primary biliary cholangitis.
- Tauroursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
- Administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents endothelial dysfunction caused by an oral glucose load.
- Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid may improve liver and muscle but not adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in obese men and women.