Sunifiram

Sunifiram is a RESEARCH CHEMICAL, not an approved drug or supplement. It's a synthetic piracetam derivative with AMPAkine properties. NO GRADED OUTCOMES and NO human clinical trials. Sold in nootropic markets without safety data. NOT FDA approved. Animal studies show cognitive effects at very low doses, but human safety and efficacy are UNKNOWN. CAUTION advised - this is an experimental compound without established safety profiles.

Quick Answer

What it is

Sunifiram is a RESEARCH CHEMICAL, not an approved drug or supplement. It's a synthetic piracetam derivative with AMPAkine properties.

Key findings

Grade D: Memory Protection (Anti-Amnesic Effects)
Grade D: Synaptic Plasticity (Long-Term Potentiation)
Grade D: AMPA Receptor Activation

Safety

CAUTION advised - this is an experimental compound without established safety profiles.

ℹ️ Quick Facts: Sunifiram

Quick Facts: Sunifiram

Best Evidence:Grade D
Conditions Studied:1
Research Outcomes:4
Key Effect:Age-Associated Memory Impairment and Cognitive Decline (AAMCD)

Outcomes by grade:

1 conditions · 4 outcomes

Detailed Outcomes

Memory Protection (Anti-Amnesic Effects)

In rodent models, sunifiram (0.001-0.1 mg/kg) reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia in mouse passive avoidance tests and rat Morris water maze tests, with potency approximately 1,000 times greater than piracetam. It also reversed amnesia induced by the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX. No human studies exist.

moderate↑Improves

Synaptic Plasticity (Long-Term Potentiation)

In mouse hippocampal slices, sunifiram (10 nM) significantly enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) via the glycine-binding site of NMDA receptors in a bell-shaped dose-response relationship. It also enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices. All data is from in vitro preparations with no human confirmation.

moderate↑Improves

AMPA Receptor Activation

In rodent models and hippocampal slice preparations, sunifiram's antiamnesic effects were shown to operate through activation of the AMPA-mediated neurotransmission system. Additionally, sunifiram activated CaMKII signaling and increased phosphorylation of both AMPA and NMDA receptors. All evidence is preclinical.

moderate↑Improves

Acetylcholine Release

In rat cerebral cortex tissue preparations, sunifiram increased acetylcholine release, a mechanism associated with cognitive enhancement. This finding is from a single in vitro pharmacological characterization study with no human replication.

small↑Improves

Evidence by Condition

Best grade per condition (each condition may have multiple outcomes)

DAge-Associated Memory Impairment and Cognitive Decline (AAMCD)

1 outcome · 3 studies

↑Memory Protection (Anti-Amnesic Effects)Improves

Research Citations (4)

Novel nootropic drug sunifiram enhances hippocampal synaptic efficacy via glycine-binding site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

Hippocampus (2013)

PMID: 23733502

Pharmacological characterization of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram), new potent cognition enhancers

CNS Drug Reviews (2006)

PMID: 16834757

AMPA-receptor activation is involved in the antiamnesic effect of DM 232 (unifiram) and DM 235 (sunifiram)

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2003)

PMID: 14600801

DM235 (sunifiram): a novel nootropic with potential as a cognitive enhancer

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2002)

PMID: 12070754

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