New Zealand Pine Bark Extract

An acute placebo-controlled crossover RCT (n=25) found 400mg Enzogenol significantly reduced postprandial glucose iAUC and peak glucose (8.9 to 7.9 mmol/L, p=0.025) in healthy participants with monophasic glucose responses. An animal study in db/db diabetic mice showed improved glucose tolerance and reduced HbA1c via AMPK activation, and in vitro assays demonstrated inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 13.02 μg/mL), α-amylase, and DPP-4 enzymes.

In a diabetic mouse model (db/db mice), Enzogenol at 12.5-50 mg/kg reduced hepatic free fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides via enhanced AMPK pathway activity. No human data available for this outcome.

An open-label pilot study (n=24, ages 55-75) found significant reductions in systolic blood pressure after 12 weeks of 480mg Enzogenol plus 240mg vitamin C. However, the study lacked placebo control and the co-administered vitamin C confounds attribution.

An open-label pilot study (n=24) reported increased basal and hyperaemic blood flow in forearm resistance vessels and reduced plasma viscosity after 12 weeks supplementation. Findings are preliminary due to lack of placebo control and vitamin C co-administration.

An open-label pilot study (n=24, ages 55-75) observed significant reductions in body weight and body fat percentage after 12 weeks of 480mg Enzogenol with vitamin C. No placebo control and confounded by vitamin C co-administration.