Peptide
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound)
Tirzepatide is a first-in-class dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and chronic weight management (Zepbound). It is a 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide based on the native GIP sequence with a C20 fatty diacid modification enabling once-weekly dosing. The SURPASS and SURMOUNT clinical trial programs demonstrated unprecedented efficacy for glycemic control and weight loss, with up to 22.5% body weight reduction.
- Updated
- How we grade
- 51 studies cited
Research notice. This page is for education and research. Peptides may not be FDA-approved for human use and may only be legally available for research. Talk to a qualified clinician before considering any peptide.
- Best evidence
- Grade A
- Conditions studied
- 3
- Outcomes
- 16
- Graded outcomes
- 9322
Evidence by condition
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
General
- Blood Glucose Control: improves
- Safety/Tolerability: improves
- Liver Protection: improves
Cardiovascular Disease
- Cardiovascular Outcomes (MACE): improves
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular Outcomes (MACE) SURPASS-CVOT showed tirzepatide non-inferior to dulaglutide for MACE in patients with T2DM and established cardiovascular disease. | Improves (the measure goes down) | Moderate effect | 5 studies | |||
Studies that measured cardiovascular outcomes (mace)
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Key findings
- Weight Loss in DiabetesImproves (the measure goes down)
- Glycemic Control (HbA1c <7%)Changes; see studies
- HbA1c ReductionImproves (the measure goes down)
Studies cited
51 studies from PubMed
- Tirzepatide and health-related quality of life in adults with obesity or overweight: Results from the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 randomized trial
- Tirzepatide for reduction of morbidity and mortality in adults with obesity: rationale and design of the SURMOUNT-MMO trial
- Tirzepatide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: results from phase II clinical trials and perspectives.
- Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide in Japanese patients with obesity disease (SURMOUNT-J): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
- Tirzepatide and Cancer Risk in Individuals with and without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Tirzepatide: a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
- Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity.
- The promise of tirzepatide: A narrative review of metabolic benefits.
- Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial
- Tirzepatide: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes
- Tirzepatide for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: Rationale, design, and sample baseline characteristics of the SURMOUNT-OSA phase 3 trial
- Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis.
- Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and other weight loss drugs in overweight and obesity: a network meta-analysis.
- Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide for weight management compared to placebo: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis including the latest SURMOUNT-2 trial.
- Tirzepatide prevents neurodegeneration through multiple molecular pathways.
- Evidence that tirzepatide protects against diabetes-related cardiac damages.
- Tirzepatide as a novel effective and safe strategy for treating obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial.
- Tirzepatide as Monotherapy Improved Markers of Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-1)
- New Drug: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)
- Tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity: Rationale and design of the SURMOUNT clinical development program.
- Tirzepatide Reduces Appetite, Energy Intake, and Fat Mass in People With Type 2 Diabetes.
- Weight loss efficiency and safety of tirzepatide: A Systematic review.
- Tirzepatide and potential use for metabolically healthy obesity.
- Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for treatment of overweight or obesity. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Efficacy and safety of the dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide for weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Tirzepatide: Clinical review of the "twincretin" injectable.
- Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
- Effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Tirzepatide vs Insulin Lispro Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-6 Randomized Clinical Trial.
- Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial.
- Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial
- Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction
- Tirzepatide as an Insulin Sensitizer.
- Tirzepatide for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
- Effects of subcutaneous tirzepatide versus placebo or semaglutide on pancreatic islet function and insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-arm, phase 1 clinical trial.
- Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI): a substudy of the randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 SURPASS-3 trial.
- Management of type 2 diabetes with the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Tirzepatide, a New Era of Dual-Targeted Treatment for Diabetes and Obesity: A Mini-Review.
- Tirzepatide induces a thermogenic-like amino acid signature in brown adipose tissue.
- Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity.
- Tirzepatide-Friend or Foe in Diabetic Cancer Patients?
- Tirzepatide cardiovascular event risk assessment: a pre-specified meta-analysis.
- Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-4 trial: post-hoc analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.
- Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial
- Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
- Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes.
- GIPR agonism mediates weight-independent insulin sensitization by tirzepatide in obese mice.
- Once-weekly tirzepatide versus once-daily insulin degludec as add-on to metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 trial.
- Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk (SURPASS-4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, phase 3 trial.