Condition
Severe Hypoglycemia
Severe hypoglycemia is a dangerously low blood sugar episode in which the brain runs short of fuel, causing confusion, seizures or fainting. The hormone glucagon, which tells the liver to release stored sugar, has the strongest evidence: across 16 studies, nearly everyone's glucose recovered within 30 minutes, typically in 10 to 13 minutes. Injected and nasal forms worked about equally well, though the research comes mostly from people with diabetes.
Sources: PMID 32873417
- Updated
- How we grade
- 42 studies cited
- Supplements studied
- 0
- Medicines and peptides
- 1
- Graded outcomes
- 4
No supplement studies yetWe haven’t found supplement studies for Severe Hypoglycemia. The medicines and peptides studied for it are listed below.
Prescription medicines and peptides studied, for context
Key findings
- Glucose RecoveryImproves (the measure goes up)
- Time to RecoveryImproves (the measure goes down)
- Symptom ReliefChanges; see studies
Studies cited
42 studies from PubMed
- Shared mechanistic pathways of glucagon signalling: Unlocking its potential for treating obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and other cardio-kidney-metabolic conditions.
- Glucagon in metabolic disease: a mini-review of emerging multi-organ roles beyond glycemic control.
- Low-Dose Glucagon to Prevent and Treat Exercise-Associated Hypoglycemia in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- Variable glucagon metabolic actions in diverse mouse models of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
- Glucagon
- A physiologic increase in brain glucagon action alters the hepatic gluconeogenic/glycogenolytic ratio but not glucagon's overall effect on glucose production.
- Comparison of a ready-to-use liquid glucagon injection administered by autoinjector to glucagon emergency kit for the symptomatic relief of severe hypoglycemia: two randomized crossover non-inferiority studies
- Dasiglucagon Effectively Mitigates Postbariatric Postprandial Hypoglycemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
- Regulation of Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism by INSP3R1.
- Glucagon receptor antagonism impairs and glucagon receptor agonism enhances triglycerides metabolism in mice.
- Glucagon, cyclic AMP, and hepatic glucose mobilization: A half-century of uncertainty.
- The Liver-α-Cell Axis in Health and in Disease.
- Scientific and Regulatory Considerations for the Approval of the First Generic Glucagon
- Glucagon receptor signaling regulates weight loss via central KLB receptor complexes.
- Efficacy and Usability of Intranasal Glucagon for the Management of Hypoglycemia in Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review
- Treatment and prevention of severe hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes: Current and new formulations of glucagon
- Glucagon Resistance at the Level of Amino Acid Turnover in Obese Subjects With Hepatic Steatosis.
- The kinetics of glucagon action on the liver during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
- Glucagon nasal powder: A promising alternative to intramuscular glucagon in youth with type 1 diabetes
- Hepatic Glucagon Signaling Regulates PCSK9 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.
- The Liver-α-Cell Axis and Type 2 Diabetes.
- Human Factors Usability and Validation Studies of a Glucagon Autoinjector in a Simulated Severe Hypoglycemia Rescue Situation.
- Glucagon nasal powder (Baqsimi) for severe hypoglycemia.
- Insulin Secretion Depends on Intra-islet Glucagon Signaling.
- Hemodynamic Effects of Glucagon: A Literature Review.
- Glucagon's effect on liver protein metabolism in vivo.
- Intranasal Glucagon for Treatment of Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Noninferiority Study
- THE ROLE OF GLUCAGON IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES.
- Comparative Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study of Liquid Stable Glucagon Versus Lyophilized Glucagon in Type 1 Diabetes Subjects.
- A glucagon analog chemically stabilized for immediate treatment of life-threatening hypoglycemia
- Treatment of severe diabetic hypoglycemia with glucagon: an underutilized therapeutic approach
- In vitro and in vivo evaluation of native glucagon and glucagon analog (MAR-D28) during aging: lack of cytotoxicity and preservation of hyperglycemic effect.
- Glucagon: the effects of its excess and deficiency on insulin action.
- Glucagon as a target for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
- Secretin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, parathyroid hormone, and related peptides in the regulation of the hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal axis.
- A review of potential cardiovascular uses of intravenous glucagon administration.
- The role of glucagon in the regulation of plasma lipids.
- Glucagon and diabetes: a reappraisal.
- Glucagon and the pancreas, liver and bile ducts.
- Radioimmunoassay of glucagon.
- [Glucagon (literature review)].
- Glucagon--a review.