Condition
Mitochondrial Myopathy
Mitochondrial myopathy is a muscle condition where mitochondria, the cell's energy makers, work poorly, so muscles tire easily. Creatine and L-carnitine have the most research, and small studies found symptoms eased with creatine and exercise capacity improved with L-carnitine. The evidence is limited, though: the creatine study followed only four children, and the carnitine work twelve people.
Sources: PMID 10454733
- Supplements studied
- 2
- Graded outcomes
- 2
- Trials
- 2
- People studied
- 380
Evidence by supplement
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
Key findings
- Mitochondrial Cytopathies SymptomsImproves (the measure goes down)
- Exercise CapacityImproves (the measure goes up)
The Mitochondrial Myopathy protocol
2 primary supplements · 3 supporting supplements
- Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol)300–600 mg daily (ubiquinol form)
- Creatine Monohydrate5–10 g daily
Studies cited
100 studies from PubMed
- Does creatine supplementation improve glycemic control and insulin resistance in healthy and diabetic patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Role of creatine supplementation on exercise-induced cardiovascular function and oxidative stress
- Three weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation affects dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio in college-aged rugby players
- Does creatine supplementation improve the plasma lipid profile in healthy male subjects undergoing aerobic training
- Effects of creatine supplementation on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in sedentary healthy males undergoing aerobic training
- Creatine supplementation increases glycogen storage but not GLUT-4 expression in human skeletal muscle
- Creatine supplementation affects glucose homeostasis but not insulin secretion in humans
- Creatine supplementation and health variables: a retrospective study
- Effect of oral creatine supplementation on human muscle GLUT4 protein content after immobilization
- Role of submaximal exercise in promoting creatine and glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscle
- L-carnitine ameliorated fasting-induced fatigue, hunger, and metabolic abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled study
- L-Carnitine's Effect on the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Ameliorating hypertension and insulin resistance in subjects at increased cardiovascular risk: effects of acetyl-L-carnitine therapy
- Comparative study to evaluate the effect of l-carnitine plus glimepiride versus glimepiride alone on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients
- Effects of simvastatin and carnitine versus simvastatin on lipoprotein(a) and apoprotein(a) in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Comparison between orlistat plus l-carnitine and orlistat alone on inflammation parameters in obese diabetic patients
- Effects of combination of sibutramine and L-carnitine compared with sibutramine monotherapy on inflammatory parameters in diabetic patients
- L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes
- Effect of L-carnitine on plasma glycemic and lipidemic profile in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
- Effect of carnitine-orotate complex on glucose metabolism and fatty liver: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
- Efficacy and tolerability of combined treatment with L-carnitine and simvastatin in lowering lipoprotein(a) serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Blood Pressure and Metabolic Effects of Acetyl-l-Carnitine in Type 2 Diabetes: DIABASI Randomized Controlled Trial
- The effects of oral L-carnitine treatment on blood lipid metabolism and the body fat content in the diabetic patient
- The effect of L-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in participants with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
- Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine and methylcobalamin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
- Effect of oral L-carnitine administration on insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
- The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glycemic markers in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
- L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients
- Caloric restriction and L-carnitine administration improves insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose metabolism
- Preliminary observations on the use of propionyl-L-carnitine in combination with sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction and diabetes
- Acetyl-l-carnitine versus placebo for migraine prophylaxis: A randomized, triple-blind, crossover study
- The effects of magnesium, L-carnitine, and concurrent magnesium-L-carnitine supplementation in migraine prophylaxis
- Effects of carnitine on glucose and lipid metabolic profiles and fertility outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Oral carnitine supplementation reduces body weight and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- Effects of Carnitine Administration on Carotid Intima-media Thickness and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
- Effects of L-carnitine supplementation for women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effect of glycine propionyl-L-carnitine on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance
- Influence of L-carnitine administration on maximal physical exercise
- Effects of nine weeks L-Carnitine supplementation on exercise performance, anaerobic power, and exercise-induced oxidative stress in resistance-trained males
- l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women
- Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine produces enhanced anaerobic work capacity with reduced lactate accumulation in resistance trained males
- Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans
- The effect of oral supplementation with L-carnitine on maximum and submaximum exercise capacity
- Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans
- Effects of prolonged L-carnitine administration on delayed muscle pain and CK release after eccentric effort
- l-Carnitine Supplementation in Older Women. A Pilot Study on Aging Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function
- Effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on muscle oxygenation responses to resistance exercise
- The effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance exercise and recovery
- Levocarnitine administration in elderly subjects with rapid muscle fatigue: effect on body composition, lipid profile and fatigue
- Oxidative stress in response to aerobic and anaerobic power testing: influence of exercise training and carnitine supplementation
- Effect of L-carnitine on submaximal exercise metabolism after depletion of muscle glycogen
- Androgenic responses to resistance exercise: effects of feeding and L-carnitine
- Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism during exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in humans
- Effects of four weeks L-carnitine L-tartrate ingestion on substrate utilization during prolonged exercise
- L -Carnitine and the recovery from exhaustive endurance exercise: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- Effects of carnitine coingested caffeine on carnitine metabolism and endurance capacity in athletes
- Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on physical performance and energy metabolism of endurance-trained athletes: a double-blind crossover field study
- Clinical Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Physical Performance in Healthy Subjects, the Key to Success in Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from the Rehabilitation Point of View.
- L-Carnitine/Simvastatin Reduces Lipoprotein (a) Levels Compared with Simvastatin Monotherapy: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
- Effect of lysine, vitamin B(6), and carnitine supplementation on the lipid profile of male patients with hypertriglyceridemia: a 12-week, open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
- L-carnitine infusion does not alleviate lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility
- Effects of acute versus chronic L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on metabolic responses to steady state exercise in males and females
- Liver-Oriented Acute Metabolic Effects of A Low Dose of L-Carnitine under Fat-Mobilizing Conditions: Pilot Human Clinical Trial
- The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- The effect of L-carnitine on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- Single dose administration of L-carnitine improves antioxidant activities in healthy subjects
- Comparison of pre-workout nitric oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, blood nitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise performance in resistance trained men
- Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine modulates lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in human subjects
- L-carnitine supplementation to diet: a new tool in treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis--a randomized and controlled clinical trial
- Effects of carnitine supplementation on flow-mediated dilation and vascular inflammatory responses to a high-fat meal in healthy young adults
- The effect of l-carnitine on fat oxidation, protein turnover, and body composition in slightly overweight subjects
- Effects of exercise intensity and altered substrate availability on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in athletes
- Safety measures of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation in healthy men
- Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on insulin sensitivity indices in response to glucose feeding in lean and overweight/obese males
- Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine increases plasma nitrate/nitrite in resistance trained men
- Effects of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses in patients with renal disease
- Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Effects of combined treatment with simvastatin and L-carnitine on triglyceride levels in diabetic patients with hyperlipidaemia
- Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with coronary artery disease
- Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action
- L-carnitine improves the asthma control in children with moderate persistent asthma
- Carnitine supplementation improves metabolic flexibility and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine formation in volunteers with impaired glucose tolerance: A randomised controlled trial
- The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on performance during interval swimming
- Carnitine versus androgen administration in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male aging
- Acetyl-L-carnitine plus propionyl-L-carnitine improve efficacy of sildenafil in treatment of erectile dysfunction after bilateral nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy
- l-carnitine and l-acetylcarnitine supplementation for idiopathic male infertility.
- Effects of L-carnitine administration on VO2max and the aerobic-anaerobic threshold in normoxia and acute hypoxia
- The effects of acute L-carnitine supplementation on endurance performance of athletes
- Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a multi-site, placebo-controlled pilot trial
- Acetyl-L-carnitine as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled trial
- Efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- A double-blind, parallel, multicenter comparison of L-acetylcarnitine with placebo on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in fragile X syndrome boys
- L-Carnitine supplementation combined with aerobic training does not promote weight loss in moderately obese women
- Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
- Acetyl-L-carnitine improves cognitive functions in severe hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized and controlled clinical trial
- Acetyl-L-carnitine reduces depression and improves quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
- Oral acetyl-L-carnitine therapy reduces fatigue in overt hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
- L-Carnitine in the treatment of mild or moderate hepatic encephalopathy
- Acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy