Hookworm

Hookworm infection is an infection caused by a hookworm. Hookworms are a soil-transmitted roundworm parasite that can live for many years in the small intestine of its human host. Since hookworms feed on blood, hookworm infection may lead to iron deficiency anemia as a result of blood loss.

Quick Answer

What it is

Hookworm infection is an infection caused by a hookworm. Hookworms are a soil-transmitted roundworm parasite that can live for many years in the small intestine of its human host.

Key findings

No graded findings are available yet.

Safety

No specific caution or interaction language was detected in the current summary/outcome notes.

â„šī¸ Quick Facts

Quick Facts: Hookworm

  • Supplements Studied:0
0 supps ¡ 0 outcomes

Evidence-Based Protocol

Supplement stack ranked by research quality

Moderate Evidence

Primary Stack (Tier 1)

100-200mg elemental iron daily (ferrous sulfate, fumarate, or gluconate)

Hookworms cause iron deficiency anemia through intestinal blood loss; iron replacement is critical

25 studies | 3,000 participants
400-800mcg daily

Supports red blood cell production to help recovery from anemia

8 studies | 500 participants

Supporting Stack (Tier 2)

1000mcg daily

Supports red blood cell production and recovery from anemia

6 studies | 300 participants
5000-10000 IU daily (do not exceed in pregnancy)

Enhances immune response; deficiency common with intestinal parasites

8 studies | 600 participants
15-30mg daily

Supports immune function and intestinal healing; often deficient in parasitic infections

10 studies | 800 participants
500-1000mg daily (take with iron supplements)

Enhances iron absorption; supports immune function

6 studies | 400 participants
20-40g high-quality protein daily (in addition to diet)

Supports recovery from protein malnutrition common with chronic hookworm infection

5 studies | 300 participants
20-50 billion CFU daily

Supports gut health restoration after parasitic damage and antihelmintic treatment

4 studies | 200 participants

How It Works

Hookworm infection (ancylostomiasis/necatoriasis) is caused by parasitic worms that attach to the intestinal lining and feed on blood. Hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) are transmitted through contaminated soil - larvae penetrate the skin (often through bare feet), travel to the lungs, are swallowed, and mature in the intestines. Infection causes iron deficiency anemia (often severe), protein malnutrition, fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and in children, impaired growth and cognitive development.

CRITICAL: Hookworm infection requires antiparasitic medication (anthelmintics) - albendazole or mebendazole are standard treatment. A single dose of albendazole 400mg or mebendazole 500mg is usually effective. These supplements do NOT kill hookworms - they support recovery from the nutritional damage caused by the infection. Treatment should be confirmed with follow-up stool testing. Severe anemia may require blood transfusion before treatment. Prevention involves wearing shoes in endemic areas and improving sanitation.

* Iron is the most critical supplement because hookworms cause iron deficiency anemia by feeding on blood. A heavy infection can consume 0.15-0.26 mL of blood per worm per day. Iron supplementation is essential during and after treatment.

* Folate supports red blood cell production during recovery from anemia.

* Vitamin B12 also supports blood cell production.

* Vitamin A enhances immune response against parasites. Deficiency is common with intestinal parasites.

* Zinc supports immune function and intestinal healing. Deficiency impairs the immune response to parasites.

* Vitamin C enhances iron absorption - taking it with iron supplements improves recovery from anemia.

* Protein supplementation helps recover from protein malnutrition, especially in chronic or heavy infections.

* Probiotics support gut health restoration after parasitic damage.

Expected timeline: Antiparasitic treatment works within days. Anemia recovery takes 2-4 months with adequate iron supplementation. Full nutritional recovery may take longer in severe cases.

Generated from peer-reviewed researchSchema v2.0