Aging

A systematic review and meta-analysis (Cheng et al. 2018, 39 RCTs, 4,274 participants) found that protein and EAA supplements may improve physical function in older adults with acute or chronic conditions, with EAAs being the most effective supplement type. Small beneficial effects were observed even without concurrent rehabilitation exercise. However, only 7 studies had low risk of bias, and no effect of supplementation was found on any outcomes when examining high-quality evidence alone. Undernourished elderly individuals benefitted most.

In vitro and cosmetic studies demonstrate idebenone has potent antioxidant activity relevant to skin protection (PMID:18482011). Advanced delivery systems (solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers) improve skin permeation (PMID:22234598, PMID:22659127). Topical idebenone is used commercially in anti-aging formulations.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT in healthy females found 250 mg T. chebula extract (Synastol TC) twice daily for 8 weeks significantly reduced facial wrinkles by 4.3%, decreased forehead sebum excretion by 33% in high-sebum subjects, and reduced cheek erythema compared to placebo.

In an ex vivo human skin organ culture model, topical jojoba wax enhanced synthesis of pro-collagen III and hyaluronic acid. Separately, in vitro work showed jojoba liquid wax stimulated collagen I production in human dermal fibroblasts. These findings suggest potential anti-aging skin effects, though no human clinical trials have been conducted.

A single open-label trial in 8 aging HIV patients with 8 matched controls found improved grip strength after 12 weeks of GlyNAC supplementation, with benefits diminishing during the 8-week washout period.

A single open-label trial in 8 aging HIV patients found improved gait speed after 12 weeks of GlyNAC supplementation. Benefits reversed after supplementation ceased, suggesting ongoing use is needed.