Peptide
GHK-Cu
GHK-Cu (Copper peptide GHK-Cu) is a naturally occurring tripeptide containing glycine, histidine, lysine, and a copper ion. It was first identified in human plasma and has been extensively studied for wound healing, tissue regeneration, and anti-aging applications. Research suggests it may stimulate collagen synthesis, promote wound healing, and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties.
- Updated
- How we grade
- 49 studies cited
Research notice. This page is for education and research. Peptides may not be FDA-approved for human use and may only be legally available for research. Talk to a qualified clinician before considering any peptide.
- Best evidence
- Grade B
- Conditions studied
- 2
- Outcomes
- 10
- Graded outcomes
- 0253
Evidence by condition
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
General
| Grade | Outcome | Effect | Size | Studies | People | Studies list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hair Growth Small Increase | Improves (the measure goes up) | Small effect | 3 studies | 95 people | ||
Key findings
- Wound Healing RateImproves (the measure goes up)
- Collagen SynthesisImproves (the measure goes up)
- Liver ProtectionImproves (the measure goes up)
Studies cited
49 studies from PubMed
- Golgi-targeted copper delivery strategy via enhancing copper-dependent proteins' activity for fascia regeneration.
- An injectable hydroxyapatite microsphere filler loaded with GHK-Cu tripeptide for anti-Inflammatory and antioxidant.
- Food-Derived Tripeptide-Copper Self-Healing Hydrogel for Infected Wound Healing.
- Nanoengineered Self-Assembling Peptides with Increased Proteolytic Stability Promote Wound Healing.
- Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.
- Are We Ready to Measure Skin Permeation of Modern Antiaging GHK-Cu Tripeptide Encapsulated in Liposomes?
- Rigid-flexible nanocarriers loaded with active peptides for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications in skin.
- The glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(2+) tripeptide complex attenuates lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis by targeting peroxiredoxin 6.
- Thermodynamically stable ionic liquid microemulsions pioneer pathways for topical delivery and peptide application.
- Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide.
- Novel Applications of CE-ICP-MS/MS: Monitoring of Antiaging GHK-Cu Cosmetic Component Encapsulation in Liposomes.
- In situ photo-crosslinkable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel embedded with GHK peptide nanofibers for bioactive wound healing.
- Differential Effects of Histidine and Histidinamide versus Cysteine and Cysteinamide on Copper Ion-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in HaCaT Keratinocytes.
- New Biotinylated GHK and Related Copper(II) Complex: Antioxidant and Antiglycant Properties In Vitro against Neurodegenerative Disorders.
- Intranasal GHK peptide enhances resilience to cognitive decline in aging mice.
- Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide.
- Structural basis for lipid and copper regulation of the ABC transporter MsbA.
- Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+) attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway.
- Polyaspartic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-Methyl propane sulfonic acid and sodium alginate based biocompatible stimuli responsive polymer gel for controlled release of GHK-Cu peptide for wound healing.
- Biomimetic Hydrogel Scaffolds with Copper Peptide-Functionalized RADA16 Nanofiber Improve Wound Healing in Diabetes.
- The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide
- Protective effects of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways.
- Effect of oligoarginine conjugation on the antiwrinkle activity and transdermal delivery of GHK peptide.
- Expression and Purification of Recombinant GHK Tripeptides Are Able to Protect against Acute Cardiotoxicity from Exposure to Waterborne-Copper in Zebrafish.
- Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data
- GHK-Cu-liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
- The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline.
- The effects of hydroporation on melasma with anti-aging cocktail.
- Physicochemical characterization of native glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine tripeptide for wound healing and anti-aging: a preformulation study for dermal delivery.
- Natural Tripeptide-Based Inhibitor of Multifaceted Amyloid β Toxicity.
- Selected Biomarkers Revealed Potential Skin Toxicity Caused by Certain Copper Compounds.
- The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice.
- GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration
- Microneedle-Mediated Delivery of Copper Peptide Through Skin.
- Effects of topical copper tripeptide complex on wound healing in an irradiated rat model.
- Stem cell recovering effect of copper-free GHK in skin
- Effect of Gly-Gly-His, Gly-His-Lys and their copper complexes on TNF-alpha-dependent IL-6 secretion in normal human dermal fibroblasts.
- The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health.
- In vitro evaluation of compression-coated glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu2+)-loaded microparticles for colonic drug delivery.
- The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling
- A therapeutic approach for diabetic wound healing using biotinylated GHK incorporated collagen matrices.
- Biotinylated GHK peptide incorporated collagenous matrix: A novel biomaterial for dermal wound healing in rats
- Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+)
- Fibroblast-cytokine-extracellular matrix interactions in wound repair.
- SPARC is a source of copper-binding peptides that stimulate angiogenesis.
- The coordination of copper(II) to 1-hydroxy-4-(glycyl-histidyl-lysine)-anthraquinone; a synthetic model of anthraquinone anti-cancer drugs.
- [Effect of a copper-chelating peptide on the anticancer activity of anthraquinones].
- Effects of glycyl-histidyl-lysyl chelated Cu(II) on ferritin dependent lipid peroxidation.
- Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+