Peptide
Leuprolide (Lupron)
Leuprolide is a synthetic nonapeptide GnRH receptor agonist. FDA-approved since 1985, it is used for prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and central precocious puberty. Clinical trials show comparable efficacy to orchiectomy for prostate cancer and superior to placebo for endometriosis. Available as daily injection and depot formulations (1, 3, 4, and 6-month).
- Updated
- How we grade
- 43 studies cited
Research notice. This page is for education and research. Peptides may not be FDA-approved for human use and may only be legally available for research. Talk to a qualified clinician before considering any peptide.
- Best evidence
- Grade A
- Conditions studied
- 2
- Outcomes
- 11
- Graded outcomes
- 6212
Evidence by condition
- Strong
- Moderate
- Limited
- Very limited
General
Key findings
- Disease ProgressionImproves (the measure goes down)
- Pelvic Pain (Endometriosis)Improves (the measure goes down)
- Endometriotic LesionsImproves (the measure goes down)
Studies cited
43 studies from PubMed
- Leuprolide
- Chronic periadolescent leuprolide exposure affects the development of reproductive physiology and behavior of female and male rats differently, but both mature after treatment termination.
- Relugolix: A Review in Advanced Prostate Cancer.
- Effects of Lupron and surgical castration on fecal androgen metabolite concentrations and intermale aggression in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris).
- Patient preferences for elagolix and leuprolide for treating endometriosis-related pain in the United States.
- Phase 3 Trial of a Small-volume Subcutaneous 6-Month Duration Leuprolide Acetate Treatment for Central Precocious Puberty.
- Cost-effectiveness of elagolix versus leuprolide acetate for treating moderate-to-severe endometriosis pain in the USA.
- Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model for the Testosterone-Suppressive Effect of Leuprolide in Normal and Prostate Cancer Rats.
- Efficacy of Different Leuprolide Administration Schedules in Premenopausal Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Review.
- Androgen deprivation therapy with Leuprolide acetate for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
- Extended release, 6-month formulations of leuprolide acetate for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer: achieving testosterone levels below 20 ng/dl.
- Follicular mucinosis and mycosis-fungoides-like drug eruption due to leuprolide acetate: a case report and review.
- GnRH agonists and antagonists in prostate cancer
- Leuprolide acetate: a drug of diverse clinical applications
- GnRH agonist Lupron (leuprolide acetate) pre-treatments prevent ovulation in response to gonadotropin stimulation in the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa).
- Leuprolide acetate given by a subcutaneous extended-release injection: less of a pain?
- Leuprolide acetate 6-month depot formulation: safety and efficacy in advanced prostate cancer
- GnRH agonists in the treatment of endometriosis: the role of add-back therapy
- Long-term survival and metastatic disease-free survival in patients with prostate cancer treated with leuprolide acetate
- Lupron depot prevention of antispermatogenic/antifertility activity of the indenopyridine, CDB-4022, in the rat.
- Managing advanced prostate cancer with Viadur (leuprolide acetate implant).
- Chronic (60-week) toxicity study of DUROS leuprolide implants in dogs.
- Leuprolide implant approved for once-yearly palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
- Effect of leuprolide acetate in treatment of abdominal pain and nausea in premenopausal women with functional bowel disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study.
- PSA levels and the rate of positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens preceded by androgen blockade in clinical B2 (T2bNxMo) prostate cancer. The Lupron Depot Neoadjuvant Study Group.
- Leuprolide in the treatment of endometrial cancer.
- Randomized prospective study comparing radical prostatectomy alone versus radical prostatectomy preceded by androgen blockade in clinical stage B2 (T2bNxM0) prostate cancer. The Lupron Depot Neoadjuvant Prostate Cancer Study Group.
- Unexpected pregnancies exposed to leuprolide acetate administered after the mid-luteal phase for ovarian stimulation.
- Leuprolide depot in the treatment of endometriosis
- Downstaging of localized prostate cancer by neoadjuvant therapy with flutamide and lupron: the first controlled and randomized trial.
- Insulin resistance improves in hyperandrogenic women treated with Lupron.
- Depot leuprolide acetate versus danazol in the treatment of women with symptomatic endometriosis: a multicenter, double-blind randomized clinical trial. II. Assessment of safety. The Lupron Endometriosis Study Group.
- Nafarelin for endometriosis: a large-scale, danazol-controlled trial of efficacy and safety, with 1-year follow-up. The Nafarelin European Endometriosis Trial Group (NEET)
- Leuprolide with flutamide for complete androgen ablation: therapeutic alternative for advanced prostatic cancer (stage D2).
- Lupron retards proliferation of ovarian epithelial tumor cells cultured in serum-free medium.
- Drug induced polymyositis secondary to leuprolide acetate (Lupron) therapy for prostate carcinoma.
- Leuprorelin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in prostatic cancer, endometriosis and other sex hormone-related disorders
- Leuprolide (TAP-144)--a general review.
- Treatment of advanced prostatic cancer with leuprolide acetate depot
- Treatment of endometriosis with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
- Leuprolide: a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog for the palliative treatment of prostatic cancer.
- Leuprolide versus diethylstilbestrol for metastatic prostate cancer. The Leuprolide Study Group
- Leuprolide versus diethylstilbestrol for metastatic prostate cancer.