Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), commonly called a yeast infection, is caused by overgrowth of Candida yeast (usually Candida albicans) in the vagina. It causes vaginal itching, burning, thick white discharge, redness, and pain with sex or urination. About 75% of women experience at least one yeast infection, and some have recurrent infections. Risk factors include antibiotic use, high estrogen states (pregnancy, birth control), diabetes, and immunosuppression.

CRITICAL: Most uncomplicated yeast infections can be treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams/suppositories (miconazole, clotrimazole) or prescription oral fluconazole. See a doctor if this is your first infection, symptoms are severe, you have 4+ infections per year, you're pregnant, or symptoms don't resolve with OTC treatment. Recurrent VVC requires longer treatment courses and possibly maintenance therapy. Symptoms can be similar to other infections (BV, trichomonas, STIs) - get diagnosed if unsure. These supplements may help support treatment and prevent recurrence but shouldn't replace antifungal medication for acute infections.

* Probiotics (Lactobacillus) help restore the healthy vaginal microbiome. A healthy vagina is dominated by Lactobacillus bacteria that produce lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, creating an acidic environment that inhibits Candida overgrowth. Clinical trials support their use for preventing recurrence.

* Boric Acid (Vaginal) is an effective treatment for recurrent yeast infections and infections caused by non-albicans Candida species (which are often azole-resistant). It acidifies the vaginal environment and has direct antifungal effects.

* Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with recurrent vaginal infections. Adequate levels support mucosal immunity.

* Garlic contains allicin, which has antifungal properties. Oral supplementation is recommended (do NOT insert garlic vaginally).

* Tea Tree Oil has antifungal properties. Commercial vaginal products containing tea tree oil are available; do not apply undiluted essential oil.

* Oregano Oil and Caprylic Acid have antifungal activity in laboratory studies.

Expected timeline: Antifungal medication: symptoms usually improve within 3 days, complete resolution in 7-14 days. Probiotics for prevention: ongoing use. Boric acid: typically 14-day course for recurrent VVC.